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Ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) demand high-performance error-correcting codes and decoders in the finite blocklength regime. This letter introduces a novel two-stage near-maximum likelihood (near-ML) decoding framework…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Yubeen Jo , Geon Choi , Yongjune Kim , Namyoon Lee

In this paper, we introduce an achievability bound on the frame error rate of random tree code ensembles under a sequential decoding algorithm with a hard computational limit and consider the optimization of the random tree code ensembles…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-23 B. Tan Bacinoglu

The problem of designing good Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs) with low maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding complexity has gathered much attention in the literature. All the known low ML decoding complexity techniques utilize the same approach…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Lakshmi Prasad Natarajan , B. Sundar Rajan

In this work, we introduce a framework to study the effect of random operations on the combinatorial list-decodability of a code. The operations we consider correspond to row and column operations on the matrix obtained from the code by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Atri Rudra , Mary Wootters

Universally decodable matrices can be used for coding purposes when transmitting over slow fading channels. These matrices are parameterized by positive integers $L$ and $n$ and a prime power $q$. Based on Pascal's triangle we give an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Pascal O. Vontobel , Ashwin Ganesan

A framework for linear-programming (LP) decoding of nonbinary linear codes over rings is developed. This framework facilitates linear-programming based reception for coded modulation systems which use direct modulation mapping of coded…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Mark F. Flanagan , Vitaly Skachek , Eimear Byrne , Marcus Greferath

In Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems, Maximum-Likelihood (ML) decoding is equivalent to finding the closest lattice point in an N-dimensional complex space. In general, this problem is known to be NP hard. In this paper, we propose a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Amin Mobasher , Mahmoud Taherzadeh , Renata Sotirov , Amir K. Khandani

Starting from a practical use of Reed-Solomon codes in a cryptographic scheme published in Indocrypt'09, this paper deals with the threshold of linear $q$-ary error-correcting codes. The security of this scheme is based on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-01-15 Bruno Kindarji , Gérard Cohen , Hervé Chabanne

Efficient and accurate decoding of quantum error-correcting codes is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation, however, it is challenging due to the degeneracy of errors, the complex code topology, and the large space for logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Hanyan Cao , Feng Pan , Dongyang Feng , Yijia Wang , Pan Zhang

Top-$k$ decoding is a widely used method for sampling from LLMs: at each token, only the largest $k$ next-token-probabilities are kept, and the next token is sampled after re-normalizing them to sum to unity. Top-$k$ and other sampling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Georgy Noarov , Soham Mallick , Tao Wang , Sunay Joshi , Yan Sun , Yangxinyu Xie , Mengxin Yu , Edgar Dobriban

We study the problem of universal decoding for unknown discrete memoryless channels in the presence of erasure/list option at the decoder, in the random coding regime. Specifically, we harness a universal version of Forney's classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Wasim Huleihel , Nir Weinberger , Neri Merhav

Hinging on ideas from physical-layer network coding, some promising proposals of coded random access systems seek to improve system performance (while preserving low complexity) by means of packet repetitions and decoding of linear…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Adriano Pastore , Paul de Kerret , Monica Navarro , David Gregoratti , David Gesbert

We are concerned with the issue of how to calculate the normalized maximum likelihood (NML) code-length. There is a problem that the normalization term of the NML code-length may diverge when it is continuous and unbounded and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-05-18 So Hirai , Kenji Yamanishi

The golden code is a full-rate full-diversity space-time code for two transmit antennas that has a maximal coding gain. Because each codeword conveys four information symbols from an M-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation alphabet, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-11-14 Mohanned O. Sinnokrot , John R. Barry

In this paper, a novel decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on convex optimization is presented. The decoding algorithm, called interior point decoding, is designed for linear vector channels. The linear vector…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-13 Tadashi Wadayama

In this work, a new fast-decodable space-time block code (STBC) is proposed. The code is full-rate and full-diversity for 4x2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. Due to the unique structure of the codeword, the proposed code…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-08 Ming Liu , Maryline Hélard , Jean-François Hélard , Matthieu Crussière

Theory evaluation is a key problem in many areas: machine learning, scientific discovery, inverse engineering, decision making, software engineering, design, human sciences, etc. If we have a set of theories that are able to explain the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-01-23 Héctor Castillo-Andreu

Upper and lower bounds on the error probability of linear codes under maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding are shortly surveyed and applied to ensembles of codes on graphs. For upper bounds, focus is put on Gallager bounding techniques and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Igal Sason , Shlomo Shamai

Parity check matrices (PCMs) are used to define linear error correcting codes and ensure reliable information transmission over noisy channels. The set of codewords of such a code is the null space of this binary matrix. We consider the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Luís M. S. Russo , Tobias Dietz , José Rui Figueira , Alexandre P. Francisco , Stefan Ruzika

We consider the problem of optimally decoding a quantum error correction code -- that is to find the optimal recovery procedure given the outcomes of partial "check" measurements on the system. In general, this problem is NP-hard. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Poulin