English
Related papers

Related papers: Code-enabled language models can outperform reason…

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate robust capabilities across diverse research domains. However, their performance in universal information extraction (UIE) remains insufficient, especially when tackling structured output scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zhongqiu Li , Shiquan Wang , Ruiyu Fang , Mengjiao Bao , Zhenhe Wu , Shuangyong Song , Yongxiang Li , Zhongjiang He

Recent developments in reasoning capabilities have enabled large language models to solve increasingly complex mathematical, symbolic, and logical tasks. Interestingly, while reasoning models are often trained to generate monolingual text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Eleanor M. Lin , David Jurgens

In this paper, we examine the use of Conformal Language Modelling (CLM) alongside Answer Set Programming (ASP) to enhance the performance of standard open-weight LLMs on complex multi-step reasoning tasks. Using the StepGame dataset, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Navdeep Kaur , Lachlan McPheat , Alessandra Russo , Anthony G Cohn , Pranava Madhyastha

Enhancing the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) attracts widespread attention. While reinforcement learning (RL) has shown superior performance for improving complex reasoning, its impact on cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shulin Huang , Yiran Ding , Junshu Pan , Yue Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities through step-by-step chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. Nevertheless, at the limits of model capability, CoT often proves insufficient, and its strictly sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiao Liang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Zhenghao Lin , Eric Hancheng Jiang , Hengyuan Zhang , Yelong Shen , Kai-Wei Chang , Ying Nian Wu , Yeyun Gong , Weizhu Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for improving the reasoning capabilities of language models (LMs) in domains such as mathematics and coding. However, most modern RL algorithms were designed to target robotics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Lianghuan Huang , Shuo Li , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Osbert Bastani

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms often require long training to become useful, especially in complex environments with sparse rewards. While techniques like reward shaping and curriculum learning exist to accelerate training, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Lukas Toral , Teddy Lazebnik

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong performance on Theory of Mind (ToM) tests, prompting debate about the nature and true performance of the underlying capabilities. At the same time, reasoning-oriented LLMs trained via…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Ian B. de Haan , Peter van der Putten , Max van Duijn

With the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been a significant improvement in the programming capabilities of models, attracting growing attention from researchers. Evaluating the programming capabilities of LLMs is…

Reinforcement learning (RL) finetuning has become a key technique for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on reasoning-intensive tasks, motivating its extension to vision-language models (VLMs). While RL-tuned VLMs improve on visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Rosie Zhao , Anshul Shah , Xiaoyu Zhu , Xinke Deng , Zhongyu Jiang , Yang Yang , Joerg Liebelt , Arnab Mondal

Training reasoning language models (LMs) with reinforcement learning (RL) for one-hot correctness inherently relies on the LM being able to explore and solve its task with some chance at initialization. Furthermore, a key use case of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Edoardo Cetin , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Pre-trained code models rely heavily on high-quality pre-training data, particularly human-written reference comments that bridge code and natural language. However, these comments often become outdated as software evolves, degrading model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Kang Yang , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Yanlin Wang , Tanghaoran Zhang , Bo Lin , Yihao Qin , Zhang Zhang , Yao Lu , Kamal Al-Sabahi

The reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) can be unleashed with reinforcement learning (RL) (OpenAI, 2024; DeepSeek-AI et al., 2025a; Zeng et al., 2025). The success of existing RL attempts in LLMs usually rely on high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yiyuan Li , Zhen Huang , Yanan Wu , Weixun Wang , Xuefeng Li , Yijia Luo , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng , Pengfei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have scaled up to unlock a wide range of complex reasoning tasks with the aid of various prompting methods. However, current prompting methods generate natural language intermediate steps to help reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yi Hu , Haotong Yang , Zhouchen Lin , Muhan Zhang

Small Language Models (SLMs) are a cost-effective alternative to Large Language Models (LLMs), but often struggle with complex reasoning due to their limited capacity and a tendency to produce mistakes or inconsistent answers during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuanfeng Xu , Zehui Dai , Jian Liang , Jiapeng Guan , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin , Xiaohui Lv

While reinforcement learning (RL) demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of language models, the training dynamics of RL in LLMs remain unclear. In this work, we provide an explanation of the RL training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xingwu Chen , Tianle Li , Difan Zou

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1 have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning tasks. Their strong capability to generate and reason over intermediate thoughts has also led to arguments that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Saurabh Srivastava , Ziyu Yao

Large language models excel on static benchmarks, but their ability as self-learning agents in dynamic environments remains unclear. We evaluate three prompting strategies: self-reflection, heuristic mutation, and planning across dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Annie Wong , Thomas Bäck , Aske Plaat , Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in surface-level text generation, their nature in handling complex multi-step reasoning tasks often remains one of ``statistical fitting'' rather than systematic logical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Lianlei Shan , Han Chen , Yixuan Wang , Zhenjie Liu , Wei Li

Large reasoning models (LRMs) tackle complex reasoning problems by following long chain-of-thoughts (Long CoT) that incorporate reflection, backtracking, and self-validation. However, the training techniques and data requirements to elicit…