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Modern NLP tasks increasingly rely on dense retrieval methods to access up-to-date and relevant contextual information. We are motivated by the premise that retrieval benefits from segments that can vary in size such that a content's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 André V. Duarte , João Marques , Miguel Graça , Miguel Freire , Lei Li , Arlindo L. Oliveira

Enterprise retrieval augmented generation (RAG) offers a highly flexible framework for combining powerful large language models (LLMs) with internal, possibly temporally changing, documents. In RAG, documents are first chunked. Relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Vatsal Raina , Mark Gales

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems lose retrieval accuracy when similar documents coexist in the vector database, causing unnecessary information, hallucinations, and factual errors. To alleviate this issue, we propose CHOP, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hyunseok Park , Jihyeon Kim , Jongeun Kim , Dongsik Yoon

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to extend their existing knowledge by dynamically incorporating external information. However, practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by the LLM's finite…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiarui Guo , Yuemeng Xu , Zongwei Lv , Yangyujia Wang , Xiaolin Wang , Kan Liu , Tao Lan , Lin Qu , Tong Yang

RAG pipelines typically rely on fixed-size chunking, which ignores document structure, fragments semantic units across boundaries, and requires multiple LLM calls per chunk for metadata extraction. We present MDKeyChunker, a three-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Bhavik Mangla

Tabular documents such as CSV and Excel files are widely used in enterprise data pipelines, yet existing chunking strategies for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) are primarily designed for unstructured text and do not account for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Pooja Guttal , Varun Magotra , Vasudeva Mahavishnu , Natasha Chanto , Sidharth Sivaprasad , Manas Gaur

Frontier language models have demonstrated strong reasoning and long-horizon tool-use capabilities. However, existing RAG systems fail to leverage these capabilities. They still rely on two paradigms: (1) designing an algorithm that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mingxuan Du , Benfeng Xu , Chiwei Zhu , Shaohan Wang , Pengyu Wang , Xiaorui Wang , Zhendong Mao

Document chunking is a critical preprocessing step in dense retrieval systems, yet the design space of chunking strategies remains poorly understood. Recent research has proposed several concurrent approaches, including LLM-guided methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yongjie Zhou , Shuai Wang , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

GraphRAG extends retrieval-augmented generation by organizing corpora as explicit knowledge graphs, enabling graph-based retrieval for complex question answering. However, existing frameworks extract entities and relations within individual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiaming Zhang , Yibo Zhao , Jing Yu , Jianxiang Yu , Xiang Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but incurs significant inference costs due to lengthy retrieved contexts. While context compression mitigates this issue, existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Shuyu Guo , Shuo Zhang , Zhaochun Ren

Recent GraphRAG methods integrate graph structures into text indexing and retrieval, using knowledge graph triples to connect text chunks, thereby improving retrieval coverage and precision. However, we observe that treating text chunks as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yanning Hou , Duanyang Yuan , Sihang Zhou , Xiaoshu Chen , Ke Liang , Siwei Wang , Xinwang Liu , Jian Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) utilizes external knowledge to augment Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability. For flexibility, agentic RAG employs autonomous, multi-round retrieval and reasoning to resolve queries. Although recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chao Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Derong Xu , Haoxin Zhang , Yuanjie Lyu , Yuhao Chen , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

To mitigate the hallucination and knowledge deficiency in large language models (LLMs), Knowledge Graph (KG)-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown promising potential by utilizing KGs as external resource to enhance LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Zengyi Gao , Yukun Cao , Hairu Wang , Ao Ke , Yuan Feng , Xike Xie , S Kevin Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a key approach to mitigating the temporal staleness of large language models (LLMs) by grounding responses in up-to-date evidence. Within the RAG pipeline, re-rankers play a pivotal role in selecting…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sohyun An , Hayeon Lee , Shuibenyang Yuan , Chun-cheng Jason Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Vijai Mohan , Alexander Min

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) couples a retriever with a large language model (LLM) to ground generated responses in external evidence. While this framework enhances factuality and domain adaptability, it faces a key bottleneck:…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Sherine George

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods can enhance the performance of LLMs by incorporating retrieved knowledge chunks into the generation process. In general, the retrieval and generation steps usually have different requirements for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Peiru Yang , Xintian Li , Zhiyang Hu , Jiapeng Wang , Jinhua Yin , Huili Wang , Lizhi He , Shuai Yang , Shangguang Wang , Yongfeng Huang , Tao Qi

A Comparison of Independent and Joint Fine-tuning Strategies for Retrieval-Augmented Generation Download PDF Neal Gregory Lawton, Alfy Samuel, Anoop Kumar, Daben Liu Published: 20 Aug 2025, Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) is a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Neal Gregory Lawton , Alfy Samuel , Anoop Kumar , Daben Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive ability in generation and reasoning tasks but struggle with handling up-to-date knowledge, leading to inaccuracies or hallucinations. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziting Wang , Haitao Yuan , Wei Dong , Gao Cong , Feifei Li

The performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in information retrieval is significantly influenced by the characteristics of the documents being processed. In this study, the structured nature of textbooks, the conciseness…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Esmaeil Narimissa , David Raithel

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to enhance large language models (LLMs) to generate more accurate and reliable answers with the help of the retrieved context from external knowledge sources, thereby reducing the incidence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Jintao Liu , Ruixue Ding , Linhao Zhang , Pengjun Xie , Fie Huang