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This paper presents a novel Chunking-Free In-Context (CFIC) retrieval approach, specifically tailored for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. Traditional RAG systems often struggle with grounding responses using precise evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu , Kelong Mao , Yujia Zhou , Zhicheng Dou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a transformative approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in external knowledge sources. Yet, a critical question persists: how can vast volumes of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Carlo Merola , Jaspinder Singh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems critically depend on how external knowledge is segmented, structured, and retrieved. Most existing approaches either retrieve fixed-length text chunks, which fragments discourse context, or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mengzhu Chen , Haodong Yang , Jia Cai , Xiaolin Huang

Document chunking is a crucial component of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), as it directly affects the retrieval of relevant and precise context. Conventional fixed-length and recursive splitters often produce arbitrary, incoherent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Aparajitha Allamraju , Maitreya Prafulla Chitale , Hiranmai Sri Adibhatla , Rahul Mishra , Manish Shrivastava

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become essential for large-scale code generation, grounding predictions in external code corpora to improve actuality. However, a critical yet underexplored aspect of RAG pipelines is chunking -- the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yilin Zhang , Xinran Zhao , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Chenyang Yang , Jiayi Wei , Tongshuang Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are increasingly vital for navigating the ever-expanding body of scientific literature, particularly in high-stakes domains such as chemistry. Despite the promise of RAG, foundational design…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mahmoud Amiri , Thomas Bocklitz

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines for code completion rely on chunking to segment source files into retrievable units, yet chunking strategies are typically adopted without empirical justification, and practitioner…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xinjian Wu , Jingzhi Gong , Gunel Jahangirova , Jie Zhang

Current document chunking methods for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) typically linearize text. This forced linearization strips away intrinsic topological hierarchies, creating ``semantic fragmentation'' that degrades downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xiaoyu Liu

We present the first large-scale, cross-domain evaluation of document chunking strategies for dense retrieval, addressing a critical but underexplored aspect of retrieval-augmented systems. In our study, 36 segmentation methods spanning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Muhammad Arslan Shaukat , Muntasir Adnan , Carlos C. N. Kuhn

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have revolutionized information retrieval and question answering, but traditional text-based chunking methods struggle with complex document structures, multi-page tables, embedded figures, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Vishesh Tripathi , Tanmay Odapally , Indraneel Das , Uday Allu , Biddwan Ahmed

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enriches large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge for long-context understanding and multi-hop reasoning, but existing methods face a granularity dilemma: fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaxiong Wu , Jianyuan Bo , Yongyue Zhang , Sheng Liang , Yong Liu

Text semantic segmentation involves partitioning a document into multiple paragraphs with continuous semantics based on the subject matter, contextual information, and document structure. Traditional approaches have typically relied on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Tongke Ni , Yang Fan , Junru Zhou , Xiangping Wu , Qingcai Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) plays a pivotal role in modern large language model applications, with numerous existing frameworks offering a wide range of functionalities to facilitate the development of RAG systems. However, we have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhuocheng Zhang , Yang Feng , Min Zhang

Chunking has emerged as a critical technique that enhances generative models by grounding their responses in efficiently segmented knowledge [1]. While initially developed for unimodal (primarily textual) domains, recent advances in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shashanka B R , Mohith Charan R , Seema Banu F

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have predominantly focused on text-based retrieval, limiting their effectiveness in handling visually-rich documents that encompass text, images, tables, and charts. To bridge this gap, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Mingjun Xu , Zehui Wang , Hengxing Cai , Renxin Zhong

Integrating multiple (sub-)systems is essential to create advanced Information Systems (ISs). Difficulties mainly arise when integrating dynamic environments across the IS lifecycle. A traditional approach is a registry that provides the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Robin D. Pesl , Jerin G. Mathew , Massimo Mecella , Marco Aiello

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful approach to mitigate large language model (LLM) hallucinations by incorporating external knowledge retrieval. However, existing RAG frameworks often apply retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jinyan Su , Jennifer Healey , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie

Organizations increasingly rely on proprietary enterprise data, including HR records, structured reports, and tabular documents, for critical decision-making. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong generative capabilities, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Chandana Cheerla

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems remain brittle under realistic retrieval noise, even when the required evidence appears in the top-K results. A key reason is that retrievers and rerankers optimize solely for relevance, often…

Integrating multiple (sub-)systems is essential to create advanced Information Systems. Difficulties mainly arise when integrating dynamic environments, e.g., the integration at design time of not yet existing services. This has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Robin D. Pesl , Jerin G. Mathew , Massimo Mecella , Marco Aiello