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Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

Federated learning (FL) has been extensively studied as a privacy-preserving training paradigm. Recently, federated block coordinate descent scheme has become a popular option in training large-scale models, as it allows clients to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yujia Wang , Yuanpu Cao , Jinghui Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for natural language processing tasks, revolutionizing the field with their ability to understand and generate human-like text. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Nikoletta Koilia , Christoforos Kachris

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

This paper presents Block, a distributed scheduling framework designed to optimize load balancing and auto-provisioning across instances in large language model serving frameworks by leveraging contextual information from incoming requests.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Wei Da , Evangelia Kalyvianaki

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for complex tasks that require multiple generation calls, advanced prompting techniques, control flow, and structured inputs/outputs. However, efficient systems are lacking for programming…

The rapid growth of memory and computation requirements of large language models (LLMs) has outpaced the development of hardware, hindering people who lack large-scale high-end GPUs from training or deploying LLMs. However, consumer-level…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Zhenheng Tang , Yuxin Wang , Xin He , Longteng Zhang , Xinglin Pan , Qiang Wang , Rongfei Zeng , Kaiyong Zhao , Shaohuai Shi , Bingsheng He , Xiaowen Chu

Due to the advantages of hypergraphs in modeling high-order relationships in complex systems, they have been applied to higher-order clustering, hypergraph neural networks and computer vision. These applications rely heavily on access to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Bingqiao Gu , Jiale Zeng , Xingqin Qi , Dong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demand substantial computational resources, resulting in high energy consumption on GPUs. To address this challenge, we focus on Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) as an effective alternative that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Takuto Ando , Yu Eto , Ayumu Takeuchi , Yasuhiko Nakashima

Large Language Models (LLMs) with expanding context windows face significant performance hurdles. While caching key-value (KV) states is critical for avoiding redundant computation, the storage footprint of long-context caches quickly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Zhiqiang Xie , Ziyi Xu , Mark Zhao , Yuwei An , Vikram Sharma Mailthody , Scott Mahlke , Michael Garland , Christos Kozyrakis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a remarkable ability to capture extensive world knowledge, yet how this is achieved without direct sensorimotor experience remains a fundamental puzzle. This study proposes a novel theoretical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Tadahiro Taniguchi , Ryo Ueda , Tomoaki Nakamura , Masahiro Suzuki , Akira Taniguchi

This paper explores the multi-dimensional challenges faced during the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), including the massive scale of model parameters and file sizes, the complexity of development environment configuration, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Wilson Wei , Nicholas Chen , Yuxuan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have resulted in a surging demand for planet-scale serving systems, where tens of thousands of GPUs continuously serve hundreds of millions of users. Consequently, throughput has emerged as a key metric that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kan Zhu , Yufei Gao , Yilong Zhao , Liangyu Zhao , Gefei Zuo , Yile Gu , Dedong Xie , Tian Tang , Qinyu Xu , Zihao Ye , Keisuke Kamahori , Chien-Yu Lin , Ziren Wang , Stephanie Wang , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci

Large language model (LLM) training today runs on clusters spanning thousands of GPUs. While this scale enables rapid model advances, developing, debugging, and performance-tuning the training framework inevitably becomes complex and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shaoke Xi , ChonLam Lao , Boyi Jia , Jiaqi Gao , Zhipeng Zhang , Jiamin Cao , Brian Sutioso , Erci Xu , Minlan Yu , Kui Ren , Yong Li , Zhengping Qian , Ennan Zhai , Jingren Zhou

In recent times, substantial advancements have been witnessed in large language models (LLMs), exemplified by ChatGPT, showcasing remarkable proficiency across a range of complex tasks. However, many mainstream LLMs (e.g. LLaMA) are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Jun Zhao , Zhihao Zhang , Luhui Gao , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention due to their human-like language understanding and generation capabilities, as well as their applicability across various domains. These models, characterized by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Kazuki Fujii , Taishi Nakamura , Rio Yokota

Deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on edge devices remains challenging due to their substantial computational and memory demands, which exceed the capabilities of resource-constrained embedded platforms. Conversely, fully offloading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Cyril Shih-Huan Hsu , Wig Yuan-Cheng Cheng , Chrysa Papagianni

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a variety of tasks. However, their substantial scale leads to significant computational resource consumption during inference, resulting in high costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaode Wang , Jingbang Yang , Xinyu Qian , Shiwen Xing , Xiaotang Jiang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential for LLM agents. To facilitate the training for these agents with both linguistic feedback and non-linguistic reward signals, we introduce Learning through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Kuan Wang , Yadong Lu , Michael Santacroce , Yeyun Gong , Chao Zhang , Yelong Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess human-level cognitive and decision-making capabilities, making them a key technology for 6G. However, applying LLMs to the communication domain faces three major challenges: 1) Inadequate communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Feibo Jiang , Wanyun Zhu , Li Dong , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang , Cunhua Pan , Octavia A. Dobre
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