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Curriculum learning helps language models tackle complex reasoning by gradually increasing task difficulty. However, it often fails to generate consistent step-by-step reasoning, especially in multilingual and low-resource settings where…

Recent advances in Large Language Models(LLMs) have enabled strong performance in long-form writing, but current training paradigms remain limited: Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) remains constrained by data saturation and performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xuanyu Lei , Chenliang Li , Yuning Wu , Kaiming Liu , Weizhou Shen , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Fei Huang , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yang Liu

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have predominantly leveraged neural network policies for decision-making, yet these models often lack interpretability, posing challenges for stakeholder comprehension and trust. Concept…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Zhuorui Ye , Stephanie Milani , Geoffrey J. Gordon , Fei Fang

Despite their strong ability to retrieve knowledge in English, current large language models show imbalance abilities in different languages. Two approaches are proposed to address this, i.e., multilingual pretraining and multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Changjiang Gao , Hongda Hu , Peng Hu , Jiajun Chen , Jixing Li , Shujian Huang

Lyric-to-melody generation aims to automatically create melodies based on given lyrics, requiring the capture of complex and subtle correlations between them. However, previous works usually suffer from two main challenges: 1) lyric-melody…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Jiaxing Yu , Xinda Wu , Yunfei Xu , Tieyao Zhang , Songruoyao Wu , Le Ma , Kejun Zhang

In this work, we address the challenge of lyrics alignment, which involves aligning the lyrics and vocal components of songs. This problem requires the alignment of two distinct modalities, namely text and audio. To overcome this challenge,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Minsung Kang , Soochul Park , Keunwoo Choi

Lyric-to-melody generation is a highly challenging task in the field of AI music generation. Due to the difficulty of learning strict yet weak correlations between lyrics and melodies, previous methods have suffered from weak…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-16 Li Chai , Donglin Wang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has been a main driver of recent breakthroughs in large reasoning models. Yet it remains a mystery how rewards based solely on final outcomes can help overcome the long-horizon barrier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yu Huang , Zixin Wen , Yuejie Chi , Yuting Wei , Aarti Singh , Yingbin Liang , Yuxin Chen

Curriculum learning has been a quiet, yet crucial component of many high-profile successes of reinforcement learning. Despite this, it is still a niche topic that is not directly supported by any of the major reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ryan Sullivan , Ryan Pégoud , Ameen Ur Rehman , Xinchen Yang , Junyun Huang , Aayush Verma , Nistha Mitra , John P. Dickerson

Cross-modal text-molecule retrieval task bridges molecule structures and natural language descriptions. Existing methods predominantly focus on aligning text modality and molecule modality, yet they overlook adaptively adjusting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hongyan Wu , Peijian Zeng , Weixiong Zheng , Lianxi Wang , Nankai Lin , Shengyi Jiang , Aimin Yang

Although lyrics generation has achieved significant progress in recent years, it has limited practical applications because the generated lyrics cannot be performed without composing compatible melodies. In this work, we bridge this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Yusen Sun , Liangyou Li , Qun Liu , Dit-Yan Yeung

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated considerable potential for enhancing reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods suffer from Gradient Starvation and Policy Degradation when training directly on samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Renda Li , Hailang Huang , Fei Wei , Feng Xiong , Yong Wang , Xiangxiang Chu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise as educational tutors, yet effective tutoring requires more than solving problems: it must provide progressive Socratic guidance and balance multiple pedagogical objectives across multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Qikai Chang , Zhenrong Zhang , Linbo Chen , Pengfei Hu , Jianshu Zhang , Youhui Guo , Jun Du

Curriculum learning (CL), motivated by the intuition that learning in increasing order of difficulty should ease generalization, is commonly adopted both in pre-training and post-training of large language models (LLMs). The intuition of CL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Maximilian Mordig , Andreas Opedal , Weiyang Liu , Bernhard Schölkopf

We propose a novel framework for controllable natural language transformation. Realizing that the requirement of parallel corpus is practically unsustainable for controllable generation tasks, an unsupervised training scheme is introduced.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Parag Jain , Abhijit Mishra , Amar Prakash Azad , Karthik Sankaranarayanan

Multilingual retrieval-augmented generation (MRAG) requires models to effectively acquire and integrate beneficial external knowledge from multilingual collections. However, most existing studies employ a unitive process where queries of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rui Qi , Fengran Mo , Yufeng Chen , Xue Zhang , Shuo Wang , Hongliang Li , Jinan Xu , Meng Jiang , Jian-Yun Nie , Kaiyu Huang

Multilingual automatic lyrics transcription (ALT) is a challenging task due to the limited availability of labelled data and the challenges introduced by singing, compared to multilingual automatic speech recognition. Although some…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-26 Jiawen Huang , Emmanouil Benetos

Automatic melody-to-lyric (M2L) generation aims to create lyrics that align with a given melody. While most previous approaches generate lyrics from scratch, revision, editing plain text draft to fit it into the melody, offers a much more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Songyan Zhao , Bingxuan Li , Yufei Tian , Nanyun Peng

Lyrics transcription of polyphonic music is challenging as the background music affects lyrics intelligibility. Typically, lyrics transcription can be performed by a two-step pipeline, i.e. a singing vocal extraction front end, followed by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-08 Xiaoxue Gao , Chitralekha Gupta , Haizhou Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various reasoning tasks, yet post-training is constrained by inefficient sample utilization and inflexible difficulty samples processing. To address these limitations,…