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Carbon matching aims to improve corporate carbon accounting by tracking emissions rather than energy consumption and production. We present a mathematical derivation of carbon matching using marginal emission rates, where the unit of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Nikky Avila , Hank He , Reza Rastegar , Jamie Tolan , Tobias Tiecke , Brian White

We examine a green transition policy involving a tax on brown goods in an economy where preferences for green consumption consist of a constant intrinsic individual component and an evolving social component. We analyse equilibrium dynamics…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-07-24 Kirill Borissov , Nigar Hashimzade

Assessing carbon negative and carbon neutrality is critical for mitigating and adapting global climate change. Here we proposed a new framework to account for carbon-negative and carbon-neutral actions by introducing the definition of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-16 Zhu Liu , Guangqian Wang

The expansion of trade agreements has provided a potential basis for trade integration and economic convergence of different countries. Moreover, developing and expanding global value chains (GVCs) have provided more opportunities for…

General Economics · Economics 2021-11-02 Kazem Biabany Khameneh , Reza Najarzadeh , Hassan Dargahi , Lotfali Agheli

Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) is a flexible machine learning algorithm capable of capturing nonlinearities between an outcome and covariates and interaction among covariates. We extend BART to a semiparametric regression…

Applications · Statistics 2018-06-13 Bret Zeldow , Vincent Lo Re , Jason Roy

Growing awareness of the impact of business activity on the environment increases the pressure on governing bodies to address this issue. One possibility is to encourage or force the market into green behaviours. However, it is often hard…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Magdalena Zioło , Piotr Bródka , Anna Spoz , Jarosław Jankowski

Climate change poses significant challenges to the agricultural and financial sectors, affecting crop productivity and overall financial stability. This study evaluates the robustness of the Actuaries Climate Index$^{TM}$ (ACI), a newer…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-05 Cem Yavrum , A. Sevtap Selcuk-Kestel , José Garrido

We propose a non-linear state-space model to examine the relationship between CO$_2$ emissions, energy sources, and macroeconomic activity, using data from 1971 to 2019. CO$_2$ emissions are modeled as a weighted sum of fossil fuel use,…

Applications · Statistics 2024-03-08 Mikkel Bennedsen , Eric Hillebrand , Jingying Zhou Lykke

Structural break identification methods are an important tool for evaluating the effectiveness of climate change mitigation policies. In this paper, we introduce a unified probabilistic framework for detecting structural breaks with unknown…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-06 Lucas D. Konrad , Lukas Vashold , Jesus Crespo Cuaresma

Sustainability is a key point for financial markets and the label "Green" is an attempt to address this. Acquisition of the label "Green" for financial products carries potential benefits, hence the controversy and attractiveness of the…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-09 Chris Kenyon , Mourad Berrahoui , Andrea Macrina

Increasing urbanization puts pressure on cities to prioritize sustainable growth and avoid carbon lock-in. Available modeling frameworks fall acutely of guiding such pivotal decision-making at the local level. Financial incentives,…

Accurately forecasting Climate Policy Uncertainty (CPU) is essential for designing climate strategies that balance economic growth with environmental objectives. Elevated CPU levels can delay regulatory implementation, hinder investment in…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-21 Donia Besher , Anirban Sengupta , Tanujit Chakraborty

Planning the defossilization of energy systems by facilitating high penetration of renewables and maintaining access to abundant and affordable primary energy resources is a nontrivial multi-objective problem. However, so far, most…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Jonathan Dumas , Antoine Dubois , Paolo Thiran , Pierre Jacques , Francesco Contino , Bertrand Cornélusse , Gauthier Limpens

Much debate nowadays is devoted to the impacts of modern information and communication technology on global carbon emissions. Green information and communication technology is a paradigm creating a sustainable and environmentally friendly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Iztok Fister , Dušan Fister , Vili Podgorelec , Iztok Fister

Climate change poses a major challenge to humanity, especially in its impact on agriculture, a challenge that a responsible AI should meet. In this paper, we examine a CBR system (PBI-CBR) designed to aid sustainable dairy farming by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Mohammed Temraz , Eoin Kenny , Elodie Ruelle , Laurence Shalloo , Barry Smyth , Mark T Keane

Against the backdrop of ongoing carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, accurate prediction of enterprise carbon emission trends constitutes an essential foundation for energy structure optimization and low-carbon transformation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zitao Hong , Zhen Peng , Xueping Liu

We present a novel approach to the pricing of financial instruments in emission markets, for example, the EU ETS. The proposed structural model is positioned between existing complex full equilibrium models and pure reduced form models.…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2015-06-03 Sam Howison , Daniel Schwarz

Industries struggle to build robust environmental transition plans as they lack the tools to quantify their ecological responsibility over their value chain. Companies mostly turn to sole greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting or…

General Economics · Economics 2023-01-23 Anne de Bortoli , Maxime Agez

The financial sector is increasingly concerned with the physical risks of climate change, but economic and financial impact representations are still developing, particularly for chronic risks. Mexico's Central Bank conducted a…

We propose some extensions to semi-parametric models based on Bayesian additive regression trees (BART). In the semi-parametric BART paradigm, the response variable is approximated by a linear predictor and a BART model, where the linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-10 Estevão B. Prado , Andrew C. Parnell , Keefe Murphy , Nathan McJames , Ann O'Shea , Rafael A. Moral