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Recent years have seen a growing interest in the use of belief propagation - an algorithm originally introduced for performing statistical inference on graphical models - for approximate, but highly efficient, tensor network contraction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Joseph Tindall , Grace M. Sommers , Hilbert Kappen

There is an increasing interest in scaling tensor network methods through belief propagation (BP), as well as increasing the accuracy of BP through tensor network methods. We develop a unification framework that takes an arbitrary graphical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Pedro Hack , Jonas Hitter , Christian B. Mendl , Alexandru Paler

Belief Propagation (BP) is a widely used approximation for exact probabilistic inference in graphical models, such as Markov Random Fields (MRFs). In graphs with cycles, however, no exact convergence guarantees for BP are known, in general.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-28 Wolfgang Gatterbauer

The sum-product or belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely used message-passing technique for computing approximate marginals in graphical models. We introduce a new technique, called stochastic orthogonal series message-passing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-12-18 Nima Noorshams , Martin J. Wainwright

A major benefit of graphical models is that most knowledge is captured in the model structure. Many models, however, produce inference problems with a lot of symmetries not reflected in the graphical structure and hence not exploitable by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Kristian Kersting , Babak Ahmadi , Sriraam Natarajan

Belief propagation (BP) is well-known as a low complexity decoding algorithm with a strong performance for important classes of quantum error correcting codes, e.g. notably for the quantum low-density parity check (LDPC) code class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Josias Old , Manuel Rispler

Belief propagation (BP) is an iterative method to perform approximate inference on arbitrary graphical models. Whether BP converges and if the solution is a unique fixed point depends on both the structure and the parametrization of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-31 Christian Knoll , Franz Pernkopf , Dhagash Mehta , Tianran Chen

Message-passing algorithms based on the Belief Propagation (BP) equations constitute a well-known distributed computational scheme. It is exact on tree-like graphical models and has also proven to be effective in many problems defined on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Carlo Lucibello , Fabrizio Pittorino , Gabriele Perugini , Riccardo Zecchina

Tensor network contraction on arbitrary graphs is a fundamental computational challenge with applications ranging from quantum simulation to error correction. While belief propagation (BP) provides a powerful approximation algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Siddhant Midha , Yifan F. Zhang

Belief propagation (BP) is a classical algorithm that approximates the marginal distribution associated with a factor graph by passing messages between adjacent nodes in the graph. It gained popularity in the 1990's as a powerful decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 S. Brandsen , Avijit Mandal , Henry D. Pfister

How can we tell when accounts are fake or real in a social network? And how can we tell which accounts belong to liberal, conservative or centrist users? Often, we can answer such questions and label nodes in a network based on the labels…

Databases · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Wolfgang Gatterbauer , Stephan Günnemann , Danai Koutra , Christos Faloutsos

A number of problems in statistical physics and computer science can be expressed as the computation of marginal probabilities over a Markov random field. Belief propagation, an iterative message-passing algorithm, computes exactly such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-10-23 Victorin Martin , Jean-Marc Lasgouttes , Cyril Furtlehner

Belief Propagation (BP) is a powerful algorithm for distributed inference in probabilistic graphical models, however it quickly becomes infeasible for practical compute and memory budgets. Many efficient, non-parametric forms of BP have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Tom Yates , Yuzhou Cheng , Ignacio Alzugaray , Danyal Akarca , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Andrew J. Davison

The sum-product or belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely-used message-passing algorithm for computing marginal distributions in graphical models with discrete variables. At the core of the BP message updates, when applied to a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-28 Nima Noorshams , Martin J. Wainwright

Belief Propagation (BP) is a message-passing algorithm for approximate inference over Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs), finding many applications such as computer vision, error-correcting codes, and protein-folding. While general, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Mark Van der Merwe , Vinu Joseph , Ganesh Gopalakrishnan

Belief Propagation is a well-studied message-passing algorithm that runs over graphical models and can be used for approximate inference and approximation of local marginals. The resulting approximations are equivalent to the Bethe-Peierls…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Roy Alkabetz , Itai Arad

Belief propagation (BP) is a useful probabilistic inference algorithm for efficiently computing approximate marginal probability densities of random variables. However, in its standard form, BP is only applicable to the vector-type random…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Hyowon Kim , Angel F. García-Fernández , Yu Ge , Yuxuan Xia , Lennart Svensson , Henk Wymeersch

We describe a novel approach to statistical learning from particles tracked while moving in a random environment. The problem consists in inferring properties of the environment from recorded snapshots. We consider here the case of a fluid…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-06-09 Michael Chertkov , Lukas Kroc , Massimo Vergassola

Tensor network contraction is a fundamental computational challenge underlying quantum many-body physics, statistical mechanics, and machine learning. Belief propagation (BP) provides an efficient approximate solution, but introduces…

Inference for probabilistic graphical models is still very much a practical challenge in large domains. The commonly used and effective belief propagation (BP) algorithm and its generalizations often do not converge when applied to hard,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Gal Elidan , Ian McGraw , Daphne Koller