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The circuit complexity of time-evolved pure quantum states grows linearly in time for an exponentially long time. This behavior has been proven in certain models, is conjectured to hold for generic quantum many-body systems, and is believed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-22 Yale Fan , Nicholas Hunter-Jones , Andreas Karch , Shivan Mittal

The concept of quantum complexity has far-reaching implications spanning theoretical computer science, quantum many-body physics, and high energy physics. The quantum complexity of a unitary transformation or quantum state is defined as the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-02 Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Wissam Chemissany , Nicholas Hunter-Jones , Richard Kueng , John Preskill

Quantum complexity is a measure of the minimal number of elementary operations required to approximately prepare a given state or unitary channel. Recently, this concept has found applications beyond quantum computing -- in studying the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Michał Oszmaniec , Marcin Kotowski , Michał Horodecki , Nicholas Hunter-Jones

We study time evolution of a subsystem's density matrix under unitary evolution, generated by a sufficiently complex, say quantum chaotic, Hamiltonian, modeled by a random matrix. We exactly calculate all coherences, purity and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-15 Vinayak , Marko Znidaric

Quantifying quantum states' complexity is a key problem in various subfields of science, from quantum computing to black-hole physics. We prove a prominent conjecture by Brown and Susskind about how random quantum circuits' complexity…

We study the temporal evolution of the circuit complexity for a subsystem in harmonic lattices after a global quantum quench of the mass parameter, choosing the initial reduced density matrix as the reference state. Upper and lower bounds…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-05-13 Giuseppe Di Giulio , Erik Tonni

We study the quantum complexity of time evolution in large-$N$ chaotic systems, with the SYK model as our main example. This complexity is expected to increase linearly for exponential time prior to saturating at its maximum value, and is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-05 Vijay Balasubramanian , Matthew DeCross , Arjun Kar , Onkar Parrikar

We study the temporal evolution of the circuit complexity after the local quench where two harmonic chains are suddenly joined, choosing the initial state as the reference state. We discuss numerical results for the complexity for the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-10 Giuseppe Di Giulio , Erik Tonni

We show that quantum circuit complexity for the unitary time evolution operator of any time-independent Hamiltonian is bounded by linear growth at early times, independent of any choices of the fundamental gates or cost metric. Deviations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-10-15 S. Shajidul Haque , Ghadir Jafari , Bret Underwood

Recently, the dynamics of quantum systems that involve both unitary evolution and quantum measurements have attracted attention due to the exotic phenomenon of measurement-induced phase transitions. The latter refers to a sudden change in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Ryotaro Suzuki , Jonas Haferkamp , Jens Eisert , Philippe Faist

We consider the problem of reconstructing the unitary describing the evolution of a quantum system, or quantum channel, from a set of input and output states. For ideal, fully coherent evolution, we show that the unitary can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Adrian Romer , Daniel M. Reich , Christiane P. Koch

The rate of complexification of a quantum state is conjectured to be bounded from above by the average energy of the state. A different conjecture relates the complexity of a holographic CFT state to the on-shell gravitational action of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-03-09 Mudassir Moosa

Two particles, initially in a product state, become entangled when they come together and start to interact. Using semiclassical methods, we calculate the time evolution of the corresponding reduced density matrix $\rho_1$, obtained by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Philippe Jacquod

We analyse time evolution of spread complexity (SC) in an isolated interacting quantum many-body system when it is subjected to a sudden quench. The differences in characteristics of the time evolution of the SC for different time scales is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 Mamta Gautam , Kunal Pal , Kuntal Pal , Ankit Gill , Nitesh Jaiswal , Tapobrata Sarkar

Dual-unitary circuits are a class of locally-interacting quantum many-body systems displaying unitary dynamics also when the roles of space and time are exchanged. These systems have recently emerged as a remarkable framework where certain…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-07-04 Alessandro Foligno , Bruno Bertini

In quantum/wave systems with chaotic classical analogs, wavefunctions evolve in highly complex, yet deterministic ways. A slight perturbation of the system, though, will cause the evolution to diverge from its original behavior increasingly…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-07 Nicholas R. Cerruti , Steven Tomsovic

We study the short-time evolution of the bipartite entanglement in quantum lattice systems with local interactions in terms of the purity of the reduced density matrix. A lower bound for the purity is derived in terms of the eigenvalue…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-29 R. G. Unanyan , D. Muth , M. Fleischhauer

Complexity plays a very important part in quantum computing and simulation where it acts as a measure of the minimal number of gates that are required to implement a unitary circuit. We study the lower bound of the complexity [Eisert, Phys.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-10 S. Aravinda , Ranjan Modak

We study the stability of unitary quantum dynamics of composite systems (for example: central system + environment) with respect to weak interaction between the two parts. Unified theoretical formalism is applied to study different physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Marko Znidaric , Tomaz Prosen

Characterizing how entanglement grows with time in a many-body system, for example after a quantum quench, is a key problem in non-equilibrium quantum physics. We study this problem for the case of random unitary dynamics, representing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-02 Adam Nahum , Jonathan Ruhman , Sagar Vijay , Jeongwan Haah
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