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Quantum circuit complexity is a fundamental concept whose importance permeates quantum information, computation, many-body physics and high-energy physics. While extensively studied in closed systems, its characterization and behaviors in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Zhenyu Du , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Evolution of the reduced density matrix for a subsystem is studied to determine deviations from its Markov character for a system consisting of a closed chain of $N$ oscillators with one of them serving as a subsystem. The dependence on $N$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 M. A. Braun

The decoherence of a quantum system $S$ coupled to a quantum environment $E$ is considered. For states chosen uniformly at random from the unit hypersphere in the Hilbert space of the closed system $S+E$ we derive a scaling relationship for…

We prove new lower bounds on the growth of robust quantum circuit complexity -- the minimal number of gates $C_{\delta}(U)$ to approximate a unitary $U$ up to an error of $\delta$ in operator norm distance. More precisely we show two bounds…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Jonas Haferkamp

We study the growth and saturation of Krylov spread (K-) complexity under random quantum circuits. In Haar-random unitary evolution, we show that, for large system sizes, K-complexity grows linearly before saturating at a late-time value of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Himanshu Sahu , Aranya Bhattacharya , Pingal Pratyush Nath

Symmetries of the initial state of a quantum system and the quantum channels, which simultaneously affect parts of the system, can significantly simplify the description of the entanglement evolution. Using concurrence as the entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-21 Michael Siomau

I investigate some properties of proposed definitions for subsystem/mixed state complexity and uncomplexity. A very strong dependence arises on the density matrix's degeneracy which gives a large separation in the scaling of maximum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-02 Henry Stoltenberg

Using a recent proposal of circuit complexity in quantum field theories introduced by Jefferson and Myers, we compute the time evolution of the complexity following a smooth mass quench characterized by a time scale $\delta t$ in a free…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-14 Daniel W. F. Alves , Giancarlo Camilo

Each semigroup describing the time evolution of an open quantum system on a finite dimensional Hilbert space is related to a special structure of this space. It is shown how the space can be decomposed into subspaces: One is related to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Bernhard Baumgartner , Heide Narnhofer

We study the behavior of an open quantum system, with an $N$--dimensional space of states, whose density matrix evolves according to a non--unitary map defined in two steps: A unitary step, where the system evolves with an evolution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Pablo Bianucci , Juan Pablo Paz , Marcos Saraceno

We study the dynamics of entanglement asymmetry in random unitary circuits (RUCs). Focusing on a local $U(1)$ charge, we consider symmetric initial states evolved by both local one-dimensional circuits and geometrically non-local RUCs made…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-29 Filiberto Ares , Sara Murciano , Pasquale Calabrese , Lorenzo Piroli

The study of quantum systems evolving from initial states to distinguishable, orthogonal final states is important for information processing applications such as quantum computing and quantum metrology. However, for most unitary evolutions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-19 Sam Morley-Short , Lawrence Rosenfeld , Pieter Kok

We identify new universal properties of the energy eigenstates of chaotic systems with local interactions, which distinguish them both from integrable systems and from non-local chaotic systems. We study the relation between the energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Zhengyan Darius Shi , Shreya Vardhan , Hong Liu

As time passes, once simple quantum states tend to become more complex. For strongly coupled k-local Hamiltonians, this growth of computational complexity has been conjectured to follow a distinctive and universal pattern. In this paper we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-28 Adam R. Brown , Leonard Susskind , Ying Zhao

We establish a direct connection between spread complexity and quantum circuit complexity by demonstrating that spread complexity emerges as a limiting case of a circuit complexity framework built from two fundamental operations:…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-19 Cameron Beetar , Eric L Graef , Jeff Murugan , Horatiu Nastase , Hendrik J R Van Zyl

A model of discrete dynamics of entanglement of bipartite quantum state is considered. It involves a global unitary dynamics of the system and periodic actions of local bistochastic or decaying channel. For initially pure states the decay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Karol Zyczkowski , Pawel Horodecki , Michal Horodecki , Ryszard Horodecki

We use the SYK family of models with $N$ Majorana fermions to study the complexity of time evolution, formulated as the shortest geodesic length on the unitary group manifold between the identity and the time evolution operator, in free,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-21 Vijay Balasubramanian , Matthew DeCross , Arjun Kar , Cathy Li , Onkar Parrikar

We study the evolution of one-dimensional quantum lattice systems when the ground state is perturbed by altering one site in the middle of the chain. For a large class of models, we observe a similar pattern of entanglement growth during…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-13 Alvaro Perales , Guifre Vidal

We study dynamical generation of entanglement in bipartite quantum systems, characterized by purity (or linear entropy), and caused by the coupling between the two subsystems. Explicit semiclassical theory of purity decay is derived for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Marko Znidaric , Tomaz Prosen

We study the growth of entanglement and circuit complexity in random passive linear optical networks as a function of the circuit depth. For entanglement dynamics, we start with an initial Gaussian state with all $n$ modes squeezed. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Laura Shou , Joseph T. Iosue , Yu-Xin Wang , Victor Galitski , Alexey V. Gorshkov