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The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical as these models become increasingly integrated into various societal and decision-making processes. Traditional methods, such as reinforcement learning from human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Prashant Trivedi , Souradip Chakraborty , Avinash Reddy , Vaneet Aggarwal , Amrit Singh Bedi , George K. Atia

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization is one key technique for machine learning problems where gradient calculation is expensive or impossible. Several variance reduced ZO proximal algorithms have been proposed to speed up ZO optimization for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Bin Gu , Xiyuan Wei , Hualin Zhang , Yi Chang , Heng Huang

Optimizing large-scale nonconvex problems, common in deep learning, demands balancing rapid convergence with computational efficiency. First-order (FO) optimizers, which serve as today's baselines, provide fast convergence and good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jiahe Chen , Ziye Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning abilities, but their high computational costs limit their practical deployment. Recent studies reveal significant redundancy in LLMs layers, making layer pruning an active research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hao Liu , Guangyan Li , Wensheng Zhang , Yongqiang Tang

Structural pruning techniques are essential for deploying multimodal large language models (MLLMs) across various hardware platforms, from edge devices to cloud servers. However, current pruning methods typically determine optimal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhihan Zhang , Xiang Pan , Hongchen Wei , Zhenzhong Chen

Using Large Language Models (LLMs) in real-world applications presents significant challenges, particularly in balancing computational efficiency with model performance. Optimizing acceleration after fine-tuning and during inference is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Sajjad Kachuee , Mohammad Sharifkhani

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization is an emerging deep neural network (DNN) training paradigm that offers computational simplicity and memory savings. However, this seemingly promising approach faces a significant and long-ignored challenge. ZO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Qitao Tan , Sung-En Chang , Rui Xia , Huidong Ji , Chence Yang , Ci Zhang , Jun Liu , Zheng Zhan , Zhenman Fang , Zhou Zou , Yanzhi Wang , Jin Lu , Geng Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on many NLP tasks, but fine-tuning them on resource-constrained mobile devices is challenging due to high memory and computation costs, despite growing demands for privacy-preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 He Sun , Jinrui Zhou , Li Li , Mingjun Xiao

Parameter-efficient tunings (PETs) have demonstrated impressive performance and promising perspectives in training large models, while they are still confronted with a common problem: the trade-off between learning new content and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Jingyang Qiao , Zhizhong Zhang , Xin Tan , Yanyun Qu , Wensheng Zhang , Zhi Han , Yuan Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in language processing, yet they often struggle with tasks requiring genuine visual spatial reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a novel two-stage training framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Alan Dao , Dinh Bach Vu

Automatic grading and feedback have been long studied using traditional machine learning and deep learning techniques using language models. With the recent accessibility to high performing large language models (LLMs) like LLaMA-2, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Gloria Ashiya Katuka , Alexander Gain , Yen-Yun Yu

Graph-structured data is prevalent in the real world. Recently, due to the powerful emergent capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in modeling graphs. The key to effectively applying LLMs on graphs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Haitong Luo , Xuying Meng , Suhang Wang , Tianxiang Zhao , Fali Wang , Hanyun Cao , Yujun Zhang

We study stochastic zeroth-order (ZO) optimization of smooth nonconvex objectives under heavy-tailed sample-gradient noise. This regime is motivated by empirical evidence that gradient noise in modern machine learning can violate the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Taha El Bakkali , El Mahdi Chayti , Qiuyi Zhang , Imane Rahali , Omar Saadi

LLM-based optimization has shown remarkable potential in enhancing agentic systems. However, the conventional approach of prompting LLM optimizer with the whole training trajectories on training dataset in a single pass becomes untenable as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Jiale Liu , Yifan Zeng , Shaokun Zhang , Chi Zhang , Malte Højmark-Bertelsen , Marie Normann Gadeberg , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu

Zeroth-order optimization (ZO) has been a powerful framework for solving black-box problems, which estimates gradients using zeroth-order data to update variables iteratively. The practical applicability of ZO critically depends on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Ruiyang Jin , Yuke Zhou , Yujie Tang , Jie Song , Siyang Gao

Automatic prompt optimization is an important approach to improving the performance of large language models (LLMs). Recent research demonstrates the potential of using LLMs as prompt optimizers, which can generate improved task prompts via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xinyu Tang , Xiaolei Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Siyuan Lu , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling unprecedented capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, the computational cost and convergence times associated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kerim Büyükakyüz

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a powerful technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, effectively aligning LLMs with diverse human preferences remains a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Chengao Li , Hanyu Zhang , Yunkun Xu , Hongyan Xue , Xiang Ao , Qing He

In addressing the computational and memory demands of fine-tuning Large Language Models(LLMs), we propose LoRA-SP(Streamlined Partial Parameter Adaptation), a novel approach utilizing randomized half-selective parameter freezing within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yichao Wu , Yafei Xiang , Shuning Huo , Yulu Gong , Penghao Liang

This paper introduces an efficient strategy to transform Large Language Models (LLMs) into Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). By conceptualizing this transformation as a domain adaptation process, i.e., transitioning from text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Bingchen Zhao , Haoqin Tu , Chen Wei , Jieru Mei , Cihang Xie