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We study the problem of testing the equivalence of functional parameters (such as the mean or variance function) in the two sample functional data problem. In contrast to previous work, which reduces the functional problem to a multiple…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Holger Dette , Kevin Kokot

Most statistical tests for treatment effects used in randomized clinical trials with survival outcomes are based on the proportional hazards assumption, which often fails in practice. Data from early exploratory studies may provide evidence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-28 Andrea Arfé , Brian Alexander , Lorenzo Trippa

Quantum tomography is one of the major challenges of large-scale quantum information research due to the exponential time complexity. In this work, we develop and apply a Bayesian state estimation method to experimentally demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Yang Zhengning , Shihao Ru , Lianzhen Cao , Nikolay Zheludev , Weibo Gao

There is a growing interest in the implementation of platform trials, which provide the flexibility to incorporate new treatment arms during the trial and the ability to halt treatments early based on lack of benefit or observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-25 Peter Greenstreet , Thomas Jaki , Alun Bedding , Pavel Mozgunov

In scientific research, many hypotheses relate to the comparison of two independent groups. Usually, it is of interest to use a design (i.e., the allocation of sample sizes $m$ and $n$ for fixed $N = m + n$) that maximizes the power of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-24 Paul-Christian Bürkner , Philipp Doebler , Heinz Holling

We propose boson sampling from a system of coupled photons and Bose-Einstein condensed atoms placed inside a multi-mode cavity as a simulation process testing quantum advantage of quantum systems over classical computers. Consider a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-16 V. V. Kocharovsky

Equilibrium sampling of biomolecules remains an unmet challenge after more than 30 years of atomistic simulation. Efforts to enhance sampling capability, which are reviewed here, range from the development of new algorithms to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2010-09-16 Daniel M. Zuckerman

The quantification of treatment effects plays an important role in a wide range of applications, including policy making and bio-pharmaceutical research. In this article, we study the quantile treatment effect (QTE) while addressing two…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Jiachen Sun , Yin Xia

Loss of power and clear description of treatment differences are key issues in designing and analyzing a clinical trial where non-proportional hazard is a possibility. A log-rank test may be very inefficient and interpretation of the hazard…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-13 Satrajit Roychoudhury , Keaven M Anderson , Jiabu Ye , Pralay Mukhopadhyay

In this study, we propose a two-stage procedure for hypothesis testing, where the first stage is conventional hypothesis testing and the second is an equivalence testing procedure using an introduced Empirical Equivalence Bound. In 2016,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-01 Yi Zhao , Brian S. Caffo , Joshua B. Ewen

We propose novel methodology for testing equality of model parameters between two high-dimensional populations. The technique is very general and applicable to a wide range of models. The method is based on sample splitting: the data is…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-01-17 Nicolas Städler , Sach Mukherjee

The comparison of a parameter in $k$ populations is a classical problem in statistics. Testing for the equality of means or variances are typical examples. Most procedures designed to deal with this problem assume that $k$ is fixed and that…

The increasing interest in subpopulation analysis has led to the development of various new trial designs and analysis methods in the fields of personalized medicine and targeted therapies. In this paper, subpopulations are defined in terms…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-01 Roland Gerard Gera , Tim Friede

Quantum computing is an information processing paradigm that uses quantum-mechanical properties to speedup computationally hard problems. Although promising, existing gate-based quantum computers consist of only a few dozen qubits and are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-26 Ramin Ayanzadeh , Poulami Das , Swamit S. Tannu , Moinuddin Qureshi

Meta-analyses are commonly performed based on random-effects models, while in certain cases one might also argue in favour of a common-effect model. One such case may be given by the example of two "study twins" that are performed according…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-04 Christian Röver , Tim Friede

Consider a fixed universe of $N=2^n$ elements and the uniform distribution over elements of some subset of size $K$. Given samples from this distribution, the task of complement sampling is to provide a sample from the complementary subset.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Marcello Benedetti , Harry Buhrman , Jordi Weggemans

The biastest command in Stata is a powerful and user-friendly tool designed to compare the coefficients of different regression models, enabling researchers to assess the robustness and consistency of their empirical findings. This command…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-19 Hasraddin Guliyev

Recently, a technique known as quantum symmetry test has gained increasing attention for detecting bipartite entanglement in pure quantum states. In this work we show that, beyond qualitative detection, a family of well-defined measures of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Xiaoyu Liu , Jordi Tura , Albert Rico

Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) play an increasingly important role in psychological and behavioral health research. This experimental approach enables researchers to answer scientific questions about how to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 John J. Dziak , Daniel Almirall , Walter Dempsey , Catherine Stanger , Inbal Nahum-Shani

Quantum hypothesis testing (QHT) provides an effective method to discriminate between two quantum states using a two-outcome positive operator-valued measure (POVM). Two types of decision errors in a QHT can occur. In this paper we focus on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-13 Yi Shen , Carlo Maria Scandolo , Lin Chen