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Active Inference is a theory of action arising from neuroscience which casts action and planning as a bayesian inference problem to be solved by minimizing a single quantity - the variational free energy. Active Inference promises a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Beren Millidge

Active inference, a neurally-inspired model for inferring actions based on the free energy principle (FEP), has been proposed as a unifying framework for understanding perception, action, and learning in the brain. Active inference has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Prashant Rangarajan , Rajesh P. N. Rao

Principled accountability for autonomous decision-making in uncertain environments requires distinguishing intentional outcomes from negligent designs from actual accidents. We propose analyzing the behavior of autonomous agents through a…

This paper argues that Active Inference (AIF) provides a crucial foundation for developing autonomous AI agents capable of learning from experience without continuous human reward engineering. As AI systems begin to exhaust high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Bo Wen

Deep active inference has been proposed as a scalable approach to perception and action that deals with large policy and state spaces. However, current models are limited to fully observable domains. In this paper, we describe a deep active…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Otto van der Himst , Pablo Lanillos

In the last decade, the free energy principle (FEP) and active inference (AIF) have achieved many successes connecting conceptual models of learning and cognition to mathematical models of perception and action. This effort is driven by a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Joséphine Pazem , Marius Krumm , Alexander Q. Vining , Lukas J. Fiderer , Hans J. Briegel

Representing a scene and its constituent objects from raw sensory data is a core ability for enabling robots to interact with their environment. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for scene understanding, leveraging a hierarchical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Toon Van de Maele , Tim Verbelen , Pietro Mazzaglia , Stefano Ferraro , Bart Dhoedt

The ability to predict the future trajectories of traffic participants is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of autonomous vehicles. In this paper, a diffusion-based generative model for multi-agent trajectory prediction is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Theodor Westny , Björn Olofsson , Erik Frisk

This paper presents a novel approach to improving autonomous vehicle control in environments lacking clear road markings by integrating a diffusion-based motion predictor within an Active Inference Framework (AIF). Using a simulated parking…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yufei Huang , Yulin Li , Andrea Matta , Mohsen Jafari

Given a connected region in two-dimensional space where events of a certain kind occur according to a certain time-varying density, we consider the problem of setting up a network of autonomous mobile agents to detect the occurrence of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Rodrigo R. Esch , Fábio Protti , Valmir C. Barbosa

Merging into dense highway traffic for an autonomous vehicle is a complex decision-making task, wherein the vehicle must identify a potential gap and coordinate with surrounding human drivers, each of whom may exhibit diverse driving…

Despite being recognized as neurobiologically plausible, active inference faces difficulties when employed to simulate intelligent behaviour in complex environments due to its computational cost and the difficulty of specifying an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Aswin Paul , Noor Sajid , Lancelot Da Costa , Adeel Razi

We introduce a distributed, cooperative framework and method for Bayesian estimation and control in decentralized agent networks. Our framework combines joint estimation of time-varying global and local states with information-seeking…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-09-24 Florian Meyer , Henk Wymeersch , Markus Fröhle , Franz Hlawatsch

Understanding how road users resolve space-sharing conflicts is important both for traffic safety and the safe deployment of autonomous vehicles. While existing models have captured specific aspects of such interactions (e.g., explicit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Julian F. Schumann , Johan Engström , Ran Wei , Shu-Yuan Liu , Jens Kober , Arkady Zgonnikov

Over the last 10 to 15 years, active inference has helped to explain various brain mechanisms from habit formation to dopaminergic discharge and even modelling curiosity. However, the current implementations suffer from an exponential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Théophile Champion , Lancelot Da Costa , Howard Bowman , Marek Grześ

Active Inference is an emerging framework providing a quantitative account of behavioral processes in neuroscience and a principled approach to decision-making under uncertainty. Its application to agency problems is natural, offering an…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Francesco Maria Mancinelli , Matteo Torzoni , Domenico Maisto , Francesco Donnarumma , Alberto Corigliano , Giovanni Pezzulo , Andrea Manzoni

Living organisms need to acquire both cognitive maps for learning the structure of the world and planning mechanisms able to deal with the challenges of navigating ambiguous environments. Although significant progress has been made in each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Toon Van de Maele , Bart Dhoedt , Tim Verbelen , Giovanni Pezzulo

For autonomous agents to successfully operate in real world, the ability to anticipate future motions of surrounding entities in the scene can greatly enhance their safety levels since potentially dangerous situations could be avoided in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Yeping Hu , Wei Zhan , Liting Sun , Masayoshi Tomizuka

This paper proposes a hierarchical trajectory planning framework for UAVs operating under adversarial jamming conditions. Leveraging Bayesian Active Inference, the approach combines expert-generated demonstrations with probabilistic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ali Krayani , Seyedeh Fatemeh Sadati , Lucio Marcenaro , Carlo Regazzoni

Even if path planning can be solved using standard techniques from dynamic programming and control, the problem can also be approached using probabilistic inference. The algorithms that emerge using the latter framework bear some appealing…