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Active inference is a probabilistic framework for modelling the behaviour of biological and artificial agents, which derives from the principle of minimising free energy. In recent years, this framework has successfully been applied to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Lancelot Da Costa , Noor Sajid , Thomas Parr , Karl Friston , Ryan Smith

In order to enable high-quality decision making and motion planning of intelligent systems such as robotics and autonomous vehicles, accurate probabilistic predictions for surrounding interactive objects is a crucial prerequisite. Although…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Jiachen Li , Hengbo Ma , Masayoshi Tomizuka

This paper proposes an Active Inference-based framework for autonomous trajectory design in UAV swarms. The method integrates probabilistic reasoning and self-learning to enable distributed mission allocation, route ordering, and motion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kaleem Arshid , Ali Krayani , Lucio Marcenaro , David Martin Gomez , Carlo Regazzoni

Learning to take actions based on observations is a core requirement for artificial agents to be able to be successful and robust at their task. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a well-known technique for learning such policies. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Ozan Çatal , Johannes Nauta , Tim Verbelen , Pieter Simoens , Bart Dhoedt

This paper proposes a generative probabilistic model integrating emergent communication and multi-agent reinforcement learning. The agents plan their actions by probabilistic inference, called control as inference, and communicate using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Tomoaki Nakamura , Akira Taniguchi , Tadahiro Taniguchi

Information gathering algorithms play a key role in unlocking the potential of robots for efficient data collection in a wide range of applications. However, most existing strategies neglect the fundamental problem of the robot pose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Marija Popovic , Teresa Vidal-Calleja , Jen Jen Chung , Juan Nieto , Roland Siegwart

We present a method for active inference with partial observations in stochastic systems through incentive design, also known as the leader-follower game. Consider a leader agent who aims to infer a follower agent's type given a finite set…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-12 Xinyi Wei , Chongyang Shi , Shuo Han , Ahmed H. Hemida , Charles A. Kamhoua , Jie Fu

Active visual exploration aims to assist an agent with a limited field of view to understand its environment based on partial observations made by choosing the best viewing directions in the scene. Recent methods have tried to address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Soroush Seifi , Abhishek Jha , Tinne Tuytelaars

Active inference is a normative principle underwriting perception, action, planning, decision-making and learning in biological or artificial agents. From its inception, its associated process theory has grown to incorporate complex…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-02 Lancelot Da Costa , Thomas Parr , Noor Sajid , Sebastijan Veselic , Victorita Neacsu , Karl Friston

In reinforcement learning (RL), agents often operate in partially observed and uncertain environments. Model-based RL suggests that this is best achieved by learning and exploiting a probabilistic model of the world. 'Active inference' is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Alexander Tschantz , Manuel Baltieri , Anil. K. Seth , Christopher L. Buckley

Model-based approaches bear great promise for decision making of agents interacting with the physical world. In the context of spatial environments, different types of problems such as localisation, mapping, navigation or autonomous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-21 Atanas Mirchev , Baris Kayalibay , Maximilian Soelch , Patrick van der Smagt , Justin Bayer

Active search, in applications like environment monitoring or disaster response missions, involves autonomous agents detecting targets in a search space using decision making algorithms that adapt to the history of their observations.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Arundhati Banerjee , Ramina Ghods , Jeff Schneider

The central tenet of reinforcement learning (RL) is that agents seek to maximize the sum of cumulative rewards. In contrast, active inference, an emerging framework within cognitive and computational neuroscience, proposes that agents act…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Alexander Tschantz , Beren Millidge , Anil K. Seth , Christopher L. Buckley

Active Inference is a closed-loop computational theoretical basis for understanding behaviour, based on agents with internal probabilistic generative models that encode their beliefs about how hidden states in their environment cause their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Roderick Murray-Smith , John H. Williamson , Sebastian Stein

Collision avoidance -- involving a rapid threat detection and quick execution of the appropriate evasive maneuver -- is a critical aspect of driving. However, existing models of human collision avoidance behavior are fragmented, focusing on…

This technical note considers the sampling of outcomes that provide the greatest amount of information about the structure of underlying world models. This generalisation furnishes a principled approach to structure learning under a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-25 Karl Friston , Lancelot Da Costa , Alexander Tschantz , Conor Heins , Christopher Buckley , Tim Verbelen , Thomas Parr

This paper presents a novel approach to Autonomous Vehicle (AV) control through the application of active inference, a theory derived from neuroscience that conceptualizes the brain as a predictive machine. Traditional autonomous driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Elahe Delavari , John Moore , Junho Hong , Jaerock Kwon

We propose an active inference agent to identify and control a mechanical system with multiple bodies connected by joints. This agent is constructed from multiple scalar autoregressive model-based agents, coupled together by virtue of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-15 Tim N. Nisslbeck , Wouter M. Kouw

It is crucial to ask how agents can achieve goals by generating action plans using only partial models of the world acquired through habituated sensory-motor experiences. Although many existing robotics studies use a forward model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Takazumi Matsumoto , Jun Tani

What is the difference between goal-directed and habitual behavior? We propose a novel computational framework of decision making with Bayesian inference, in which everything is integrated as an entire neural network model. The model learns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya , Jun Tani