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This paper introduces a novel method for open-vocabulary 3D scene querying in autonomous driving by combining Language Embedded 3D Gaussians with Large Language Models (LLMs). We propose utilizing LLMs to generate both contextually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Amirhosein Chahe , Lifeng Zhou

Thanks to the rapid development of diffusion models, unprecedented progress has been witnessed in image synthesis. Prior works mostly rely on pre-trained linguistic models, but a text is often too abstract to properly specify all the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Binbin Yang , Yi Luo , Ziliang Chen , Guangrun Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Liang Lin

We introduce SLayR, Scene Layout Generation with Rectified flow, a novel transformer-based model for text-to-layout generation which can then be paired with existing layout-to-image models to produce images. SLayR addresses a domain in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Cameron Braunstein , Hevra Petekkaya , Jan Eric Lenssen , Mariya Toneva , Eddy Ilg

Building models that can understand and reason about 3D scenes is difficult owing to the lack of data sources for 3D supervised training and large-scale training regimes. In this work we ask - How can the knowledge in a pre-trained language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Shivam Chandhok

Existing 3D scene generation methods often struggle to model the complex logical dependencies and physical constraints between objects, limiting their ability to adapt to dynamic and realistic environments. We propose CausalStruct, a novel…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shen Chen , Ruiyu Zhao , Jiale Zhou , Zongkai Wu , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Lei Li

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new frontiers in automated algorithm design, giving rise to numerous powerful methods. However, these approaches retain critical limitations: they require extensive evaluation of the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Haoran Yin , Shuaiqun Pan , Zhao Wei , Jian Cheng Wong , Yew-Soon Ong , Anna V. Kononova , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein

Robots are finding wider adoption in human environments, increasing the need for natural human-robot interaction. However, understanding a natural language command requires the robot to infer the intended task and how to decompose it into…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Julia Kuhn , Francesco Verdoja , Tsvetomila Mihaylova , Ville Kyrki

Traditional indoor scene synthesis methods often take a two-step approach: object selection and object arrangement. Current state-of-the-art object selection approaches are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and can produce…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Yu He , Yun Cai , Yuan-Chen Guo , Zheng-Ning Liu , Shao-Kui Zhang , Song-Hai Zhang , Hong-Bo Fu , Sheng-Yong Chen

This paper introduces Scene-LLM, a 3D-visual-language model that enhances embodied agents' abilities in interactive 3D indoor environments by integrating the reasoning strengths of Large Language Models (LLMs). Scene-LLM adopts a hybrid 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Rao Fu , Jingyu Liu , Xilun Chen , Yixin Nie , Wenhan Xiong

Creative generation is the synthesis of new, surprising, and valuable samples that reflect user intent yet cannot be envisioned in advance. This task aims to extend human imagination, enabling the discovery of visual concepts that exist in…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shelly Golan , Yotam Nitzan , Zongze Wu , Or Patashnik

Creating machines capable of understanding the world in 3D is essential in assisting designers that build and edit 3D environments and robots navigating and interacting within a three-dimensional space. Inspired by advances in language and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Aadarsh Sahoo , Vansh Tibrewal , Georgia Gkioxari

Existing generative approaches for guided image synthesis of multi-object scenes typically rely on 2D controls in the image or text space. As a result, these methods struggle to maintain and respect consistent three-dimensional geometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Léopold Maillard , Tom Durand , Adrien Ramanana Rahary , Maks Ovsjanikov

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) increasingly generate indoor scenes through intermediate structures such as layouts and scene graphs, yet evaluation still relies on LLM or VLM judges that score rendered views,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Kathakoli Sengupta , Kai Ao , Paola Cascante-Bonilla

3D layout generation and editing play a crucial role in Embodied AI and immersive VR interaction. However, manual creation requires tedious labor, while data-driven generation often lacks diversity. The emergence of large models introduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Haiyan Jiang , Deyu Zhang , Dongdong Weng , Weitao Song , Henry Been-Lirn Duh

Scene graphs offer a structured, hierarchical representation of images, with nodes and edges symbolizing objects and the relationships among them. It can serve as a natural interface for image editing, dramatically improving precision and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Zhiyuan Zhang , DongDong Chen , Jing Liao

Designing high-quality indoor 3D scenes is important in many practical applications, such as room planning or game development. Conventionally, this has been a time-consuming process which requires both artistic skill and familiarity with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Başak Melis Öcal , Maxim Tatarchenko , Sezer Karaoglu , Theo Gevers

This paper presents a novel generative approach that outputs 3D indoor environments solely from a textual description of the scene. Current methods often treat scene synthesis as a mere layout prediction task, leading to rooms with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yao Wei , Matteo Toso , Pietro Morerio , Michael Ying Yang , Alessio Del Bue

3D scene generation seeks to synthesize spatially structured, semantically meaningful, and photorealistic environments for applications such as immersive media, robotics, autonomous driving, and embodied AI. Early methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Beichen Wen , Haozhe Xie , Zhaoxi Chen , Fangzhou Hong , Ziwei Liu

As more applications of large language models (LLMs) for 3D content for immersive environments emerge, it is crucial to study user behaviour to identify interaction patterns and potential barriers to guide the future design of immersive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Junlong Chen , Jens Grubert , Per Ola Kristensson

Designing 3D indoor layouts is a crucial task with significant applications in virtual reality, interior design, and automated space planning. Existing methods for 3D layout design either rely on diffusion models, which utilize spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yixuan Yang , Junru Lu , Zixiang Zhao , Zhen Luo , James J. Q. Yu , Victor Sanchez , Feng Zheng