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As RISC-V architectures proliferate across embedded and high-performance domains, developers face persistent challenges in performance optimization due to fragmented tooling, immature hardware features, and platform-specific defects. This…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Alexander Batashev

WebRISC-V is a web-based educational tool designed to simulate the pipelined execution of assembly programs according to the RV64IM specifications (64-bit RISC-V processor). The tool allows users to investigate pipeline stalls, understand…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Roberto Giorgi , Gianfranco Mariotti

FPGA overlays are commonly implemented as coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures with a goal to improve designers' productivity through balancing flexibility and ease of configuration of the underlying fabric. To truly facilitate full…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Ho-Cheung Ng , Cheng Liu , Hayden Kwok-Hay So

This article describes the first public implementation and evaluation of the latest version of the RISC-V hypervisor extension (H-extension v0.6.1) specification in a Rocket chip core. To perform a meaningful evaluation for modern…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Bruno Sá , José Martins , Sandro Pinto

Covert channels enable information leakage across security boundaries of the operating system. Microarchitectural covert channels exploit changes in execution timing resulting from competing access to limited hardware resources. We use the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Nils Wistoff , Moritz Schneider , Frank K. Gürkaynak , Luca Benini , Gernot Heiser

The complexity of automotive systems is increasing quickly due to the integration of novel functionalities such as assisted or autonomous driving. However, increasing complexity poses considerable challenges to the automotive supply chain…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Luca Cuomo , Claudio Scordino , Alessandro Ottaviano , Nils Wistoff , Robert Balas , Luca Benini , Errico Guidieri , Ida Maria Savino

We present a simple ACL2 simulator for the RISC-V 32-bit base instruction set architecture, written in the operational semantics style. Like many other ISA models, our RISC-V state object is a single-threaded object and we prove…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Carl Kwan

Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly adopted in high-end embedded domains such as automotive, where maximizing instructions per cycle (IPC) is becoming critical. Building on the industry-supported open-source CVA6 core and its…

RISC-V is an emerging technology, with applications ranging from embedded devices to high-performance servers. Therefore, more and more security-critical workloads will be conducted with code that is compiled for RISC-V. Well-known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Jan Wichelmann , Christopher Peredy , Florian Sieck , Anna Pätschke , Thomas Eisenbarth

This paper presents a novel, non-standard set of vector instruction types for exploring custom SIMD instructions in a softcore. The new types allow simultaneous access to a relatively high number of operands, reducing the instruction count…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Philippos Papaphilippou , Paul H. J. Kelly , Wayne Luk

In this paper, we propose a high-performance RISC-V soft processor with an efficient fetch unit supporting the compressed instructions targeting on FPGA. The compressed instruction extension in RISC-V can reduce the program size by about…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Takuto Kanamori , Hiromu Miyazaki , Kenji Kise

To reduce the area of RISC-V Vector extension (RVV) in small processors, the authors are considering one simple modification: reduce the number of registers in the vector register file. The standard 'V' extension requires 32 vector…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Eino Jacobs , Dmitry Utyansky , Muhammad Hassan , Thomas Roecker

This paper presents SynapticCore-X, a modular and resource-efficient neural processing architecture optimized for deployment on low-cost FPGA platforms. The design integrates a lightweight RV32IMC RISC-V control core with a configurable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Arya Parameshwara

Our goal in this paper is to understand how to maximize energy efficiency when designing standard-ISA processor cores for subthreshold operation. We hence develop a custom subthreshold library and use it to synthesize the open-source RISC-V…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Asbjørn Djupdal , Magnus Själander , Magnus Jahre , Snorre Aunet , Trond Ytterdal

Modern RISC vector processors rely on the synergy of multi-lane parallelism and chaining to achieve high sustained throughput, yet their achieved performance often falls substantially short of the theoretical performance bound due to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Weiying Wang , Zhiwei Zhang

Chip industry continues advancing and expanding modern computing systems, resulting in more complex multi-core processors. Conversely, academic projects face scalability challenges due to limited resources, highlighting the need for…

This paper presents a pipeline stage resolved timing characterization of a 32-bit RISC V processor implemented on a 20 nm FPGA and a 7 nm FinFET ASIC platform. A unified analysis framework is introduced that decomposes timing paths into…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-18 Mostafa Darvishi

RISC-V is an open and royalty free instruction set architecture which has been developed at the University of California, Berkeley. The processors using RISC-V can be designed and released freely. Because of this, various processor cores…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Junya Miura , Hiromu Miyazaki , Kenji Kise

Secret keys can be extracted from the power consumption or electromagnetic emanations of unprotected devices. Traditional counter-measures have limited scope of protection, and impose several restrictions on how sensitive data must be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Kleber Stangherlin , Manoj Sachdev

While most instruction set architectures (ISAs) are only available to use through the purchase of a restrictive commercial license, the RISC-V ISA presents a free and open-source alternative. Due to this availability, many free and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ian McDougall , Harish Batchu , Michael Davies , Karthikeyan Sankaralingam