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As AI-powered systems increasingly mediate consequential decision-making, their explainability is critical for end-users to take informed and accountable actions. Explanations in human-human interactions are socially-situated. AI systems…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Upol Ehsan , Q. Vera Liao , Michael Muller , Mark O. Riedl , Justin D. Weisz

Human-centered explainability has become a critical foundation for the responsible development of interactive information systems, where users must be able to understand, interpret, and scrutinize AI-driven outputs to make informed…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yuhao Zhang , Jiaxin An , Ben Wang , Yan Zhang , Jiqun Liu

Explainability has been a goal for Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems since their conception, with the need for explainability growing as more complex AI models are increasingly used in critical, high-stakes settings such as healthcare.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Shruthi Chari , Oshani Seneviratne , Daniel M. Gruen , Morgan A. Foreman , Amar K. Das , Deborah L. McGuinness

As autonomous technologies increasingly shape maritime operations, understanding why an AI system makes a decision becomes as crucial as what it decides. In complex and dynamic maritime environments, trust in AI depends not only on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Doreen Jirak , Pieter Maes , Armeen Saroukanoff , Dirk van Rooy

We consider the problem of providing users of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) based systems with a better understanding of when their output can be trusted. We offer an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework that provides a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jeff Druce , Michael Harradon , James Tittle

In the early stages of scientific research, researchers rely on core scholarly judgments to identify relevant literature, assess credible evidence, and determine which directions merit pursuit. As AI tools become increasingly integrated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sanjana Gautam , Houjiang Liu , Yujin Choi , Matthew Lease

This vision paper presents initial research on assessing the robustness and reliability of AI-enabled systems, and key factors in ensuring their safety and effectiveness in practical applications, including a focus on accountability. By…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Filippo Scaramuzza , Damian A. Tamburri , Willem-Jan van den Heuvel

The integration of artificial intelligence into business processes has significantly enhanced decision-making capabilities across various industries such as finance, healthcare, and retail. However, explaining the decisions made by these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Arne Grobrugge , Nidhi Mishra , Johannes Jakubik , Gerhard Satzger

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly more popular and can be found in workplaces and homes around the world. The decisions made by such "black box" systems are often opaque; that is, so complex as to be functionally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Rob Geada , Tommaso Teofili , Rui Vieira , Rebecca Whitworth , Daniele Zonca

A surge of interest in explainable AI (XAI) has led to a vast collection of algorithmic work on the topic. While many recognize the necessity to incorporate explainability features in AI systems, how to address real-world user needs for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Q. Vera Liao , Daniel Gruen , Sarah Miller

Explainability is one of the key elements for building trust in AI systems. Among numerous attempts to make AI explainable, quantifying the effect of explanations remains a challenge in conducting human-AI collaborative tasks. Aside from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Kamran Alipour , Arijit Ray , Xiao Lin , Jurgen P. Schulze , Yi Yao , Giedrius T. Burachas

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used for decision-making across domains, raising debates over the information and explanations they should provide. Most research on Explainable AI (XAI) has focused on feature-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Federico Maria Cau , Lucio Davide Spano

In recent years the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly prevalent in a growing number of fields. As AI systems are being adopted in more high-stakes areas such as medicine and finance, ensuring that they are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Tobias M. Peters , Roel W. Visser

Explainable machine learning and artificial intelligence models have been used to justify a model's decision-making process. This added transparency aims to help improve user performance and understanding of the underlying model. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Mahsan Nourani , Chiradeep Roy , Tahrima Rahman , Eric D. Ragan , Nicholas Ruozzi , Vibhav Gogate

As AI chatbots become integrated in education, students are turning to these systems for guidance, feedback, and information. However, the anthropomorphic characteristics of these chatbots create ambiguity over whether students develop…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Griffin Pitts , Sanaz Motamedi

Research into the explanation of machine learning models, i.e., explainable AI (XAI), has seen a commensurate exponential growth alongside deep artificial neural networks throughout the past decade. For historical reasons, explanation and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Brittany Davis , Maria Glenski , William Sealy , Dustin Arendt

In human-AI interactions, explanation is widely seen as necessary for enabling trust in AI systems. We argue that trust, however, may be a pre-requisite because explanation is sometimes impossible. We derive this result from a formalization…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Nghi Truong , Phanish Puranam , Ilia Testlin

Explainable AI is an emerging field providing solutions for acquiring insights into automated systems' rationale. It has been put on the AI map by suggesting ways to tackle key ethical and societal issues. Existing explanation techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

The integration of generative AI into information access systems often presents users with synthesized answers that lack transparency. This study investigates how different types of explanations can influence user trust in responses from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Weronika Łajewska , Krisztian Balog

Designing and implementing explainable systems is seen as the next step towards increasing user trust in, acceptance of and reliance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. While explaining choices made by black-box algorithms such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Sharadhi Alape Suryanarayana , David Sarne , Sarit Kraus