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Strategic interactions between a group of individuals or organisations can be modelled as games played on networks, where a player's payoff depends not only on their actions but also on those of their neighbours. Inferring the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Emanuele Rossi , Federico Monti , Yan Leng , Michael M. Bronstein , Xiaowen Dong

Autocurricular training is an important sub-area of multi-agent reinforcement learning~(MARL) that allows multiple agents to learn emergent skills in an unsupervised co-evolving scheme. The robotics community has experimented autocurricular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Boling Yang , Liyuan Zheng , Lillian J. Ratliff , Byron Boots , Joshua R. Smith

We study the incentivized information acquisition problem, where a principal hires an agent to gather information on her behalf. Such a problem is modeled as a Stackelberg game between the principal and the agent, where the principal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Siyu Chen , Jibang Wu , Yifan Wu , Zhuoran Yang

In this paper we propose a framework towards achieving two intertwined objectives: (i) equipping reinforcement learning with active exploration and deliberate information gathering, such that it regulates state and parameter uncertainties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Mohammad S. Ramadan , Mahmoud A. Hayajnh , Michael T. Tolley , Kyriakos G. Vamvoudakis

When learning in strategic environments, a key question is whether agents can overcome uncertainty about their preferences to achieve outcomes they could have achieved absent any uncertainty. Can they do this solely through interactions…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Nivasini Ananthakrishnan , Nika Haghtalab , Chara Podimata , Kunhe Yang

Active inference is a unifying theory for perception and action resting upon the idea that the brain maintains an internal model of the world by minimizing free energy. From a behavioral perspective, active inference agents can be seen as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Pietro Mazzaglia , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

A recent body of experimental literature has studied empirical game-theoretical analysis, in which we have partial knowledge of a game, consisting of observations of a subset of the pure-strategy profiles and their associated payoffs to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-13 John Fearnley , Martin Gairing , Paul Goldberg , Rahul Savani

We introduce the application of online learning in a Stackelberg game pertaining to a system with two learning agents in a dyadic exchange network, consisting of a supplier and retailer, specifically where the parameters of the demand…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Larkin Liu , Yuming Rong

A growing body of work in game theory extends the traditional Stackelberg game to settings with one leader and multiple followers who play a Nash equilibrium. Standard approaches for computing equilibria in these games reformulate the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Kai Wang , Lily Xu , Andrew Perrault , Michael K. Reiter , Milind Tambe

We investigate a co-design problem, encompassing simultaneous design of system infrastructure and control, through a game-theoretical framework. To this end, we propose the co-design problem as a two-layer hierarchical strategic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Julian Barreiro-Gomez , Ye Wang

This article introduces a class of $Nash$ games among $Stackelberg$ players ($NASPs$), namely, a class of simultaneous non-cooperative games where the players solve sequential Stackelberg games. Specifically, each player solves a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Margarida Carvalho , Gabriele Dragotto , Felipe Feijoo , Andrea Lodi , Sriram Sankaranarayanan

A two-player finite horizon linear-quadratic Stackelberg differential game is considered. The feature of this game is that the control cost of a follower in the cost functionals of both players is small, which means that the game under…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Valery Y. Glizer , Vladimir Turetsky

Many multi-agent interaction scenarios can be naturally modeled as noncooperative games, where each agent's decisions depend on others' future actions. However, deploying game-theoretic planners for autonomous decision-making requires a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yash Jain , Xinjie Liu , Lasse Peters , David Fridovich-Keil , Ufuk Topcu

It is shown in recent studies that in a Stackelberg game the follower can manipulate the leader by deviating from their true best-response behavior. Such manipulations are computationally tractable and can be highly beneficial for the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Yurong Chen , Xiaotie Deng , Jiarui Gan , Yuhao Li

In this paper, the problem of energy trading between smart grid prosumers, who can simultaneously consume and produce energy, and a grid power company is studied. The problem is formulated as a single-leader, multiple-follower Stackelberg…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Georges El Rahi , S. Rasoul Etesami , Walid Saad , Narayan Mandayam , H. Vincent Poor

This paper addresses a mathematically tractable model of the Prisoner's Dilemma using the framework of active inference. In this work, we design pairs of Bayesian agents that are tracking the joint game state of their and their opponent's…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-31 Daphne Demekas , Conor Heins , Brennan Klein

Markov games model interactions among multiple players in a stochastic, dynamic environment. Each player in a Markov game maximizes its expected total discounted reward, which depends upon the policies of the other players. We formulate a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Shenghui Chen , Yue Yu , David Fridovich-Keil , Ufuk Topcu

This technical note considers the sampling of outcomes that provide the greatest amount of information about the structure of underlying world models. This generalisation furnishes a principled approach to structure learning under a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-25 Karl Friston , Lancelot Da Costa , Alexander Tschantz , Conor Heins , Christopher Buckley , Tim Verbelen , Thomas Parr

This paper aims to balance performance and cost in a two-hop wireless cooperative communication network where the source and relays have contradictory optimization goals and make decisions in a distributed manner. This differs from most…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Yuanzhe Geng , Erwu Liu , Wei Ni , Rui Wang , Yan Liu , Hao Xu , Chen Cai , Abbas Jamalipour

We study strategic interaction in data-driven games where players face uncertainty about payoff distributions inferred from finite samples. To model calibrated attitudes toward such uncertainty, we formulate distributionally robust games…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Bharat Gangwani , Arunesh Sinha