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As machine learning algorithms increasingly influence critical decision making in different application areas, understanding human strategic behavior in response to these systems becomes vital. We explore individuals' choice between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sura Alhanouti , Parinaz Naghizadeh

The $1-N$ generalized Stackelberg game (single-leader multi-follower game) is intricately intertwined with the interaction between a leader and followers (hierarchical interaction) and the interaction among followers (simultaneous…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jaeyeon Jo , Jihwan Yu , Jinkyoo Park

This paper is concerned with a Stackelberg stochastic differential game with asymmetric noisy observation, with one follower and one leader. In our model, the follower cannot observe the state process directly, but could observe a noisy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-14 Yueyang Zheng , Jingtao Shi

In this paper, the two-player leader-follower game with private inputs for feedback Stackelberg strategy is considered. In particular, the follower shares its measurement information with the leader except its historical control inputs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-18 Yue Sun , Hongdan Li , Huanshui Zhang

In this paper, we study a linear-quadratic partially observed Stackelberg stochastic differential game problem in which a single leader and multiple followers are involved. We consider more practical formulation for partial information that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Yichun Li , Yaozhong Hu , Jingtao Shi , Yueyang Zheng

In this paper, the known deterministic linear-quadratic Stackelberg game is revisited, whose open-loop Stackelberg solution actually possesses the nature of time inconsistency. To handle this time inconsistency, {a two-tier game framework…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-09 Yuan-Hua Ni , Liping Liu , Xinzhen Zhang

We consider a number of questions related to tradeoffs between reward and regret in repeated gameplay between two agents. To facilitate this, we introduce a notion of $\textit{generalized equilibrium}$ which allows for asymmetric regret…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 William Brown , Jon Schneider , Kiran Vodrahalli

We study a Stackelberg variant of the classical discrete-time Dynkin game, in which Player 1 (the leader) commits to a stopping strategy first and Player 2 (the follower) responds optimally. This leader-follower structure induces an optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Jingjie Zhang , Zhou Zhou

Partially observable stochastic games provide a rich mathematical paradigm for modeling multi-agent dynamic decision making under uncertainty and partial information. However, they generally do not admit closed-form solutions and are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-15 Yanling Chang , Chelsea C. White

Interactions among selfish users sharing a common transmission channel can be modeled as a non-cooperative game using the game theory framework. When selfish users choose their transmission probabilities independently without any…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-31 Jaeok Park , Mihaela van der Schaar

This work introduces a unified framework for analyzing games in greater depth. In the existing literature, players' strategies are typically assigned scalar values, and equilibrium concepts are used to identify compatible choices. However,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Melih İşeri , Erhan Bayraktar

We develop a general game-theoretic framework for reasoning about strategic agents performing possibly costly computation. In this framework, many traditional game-theoretic results (such as the existence of a Nash equilibrium) no longer…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-10 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass

In this paper, we consider a sequential stochastic Stackelberg game with two players, a leader and a follower. The follower has access to the state of the system while the leader does not. Assuming that the players act in their respective…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-08 Rajesh K Mishra , Deepanshu Vasal , Sriram Vishwanath

In this book, we present a curated collection of existing results on inverse problems for Mean Field Games (MFGs), a cutting-edge and rapidly evolving field of research. Our aim is to provide fresh insights, novel perspectives, and a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Hongyu Liu , Catharine W. K. Lo , Shen Zhang

Macroeconomic outcomes emerge from individuals' decisions, making it essential to model how agents interact with macro policy via consumption, investment, and labor choices. We formulate this as a dynamic Stackelberg game: the government…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-03 Qirui Mi , Zhiyu Zhao , Chengdong Ma , Siyu Xia , Yan Song , Mengyue Yang , Jun Wang , Haifeng Zhang

In this note, we consider repeated play of a finite game using learning rules whose period-by-period behavior probabilities or empirical distributions converge to some notion of equilibria of the stage game. Our primary focus is on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-22 M. Sadegh Talebi

This paper investigates open-loop and feedback solutions of linear quadratic mean field (MF) games with a leader and a large number of followers. The leader first gives its strategy and then all the followers cooperate to optimize the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Bing-Chang Wang , Juanjuan Xu , Huanshui Zhang , Yong Liang

Stackelberg security games are a critical tool for maximizing the utility of limited defense resources to protect important targets from an intelligent adversary. Motivated by green security, where the defender may only observe an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Andrew Perrault , Bryan Wilder , Eric Ewing , Aditya Mate , Bistra Dilkina , Milind Tambe

We introduce the framework of LLM-Stackelberg games, a class of sequential decision-making models that integrate large language models (LLMs) into strategic interactions between a leader and a follower. Departing from classical Stackelberg…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Quanyan Zhu

A combinatorial game is a two-player game without hidden information or chance elements. The main object of combinatorial game theory is to obtain the outcome, which player has a winning strategy, of a given combinatorial game. Positions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Kengo Hashimoto