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We present an all-digital programmable machine learning accelerator chip for image classification, underpinning on the Tsetlin machine (TM) principles. The TM is an emerging machine learning algorithm founded on propositional logic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Svein Anders Tunheim , Yujin Zheng , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) offers high-speed inference on resource-constrained devices such as CPUs. Its logic-driven operations naturally lend themselves to parallel execution on modern CPU architectures. Motivated by this, we propose an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yefan Zeng , Shengyu Duan , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) has achieved competitive results on several image classification benchmarks, including MNIST, K-MNIST, F-MNIST, and CIFAR-2. However, color image classification is arguably still in its infancy for TMs, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Ylva Grønningsæter , Halvor S. Smørvik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Embedded Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (eFPGAs) allow for the design of hardware accelerators of edge Machine Learning (ML) applications at a lower power budget compared with traditional FPGA platforms. However, the limited eFPGA logic and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Tousif Rahman , Gang Mao , Bob Pattison , Sidharth Maheshwari , Marcos Sartori , Adrian Wheeldon , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev

System-on-Chip Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (SoC-FPGAs) offer significant throughput gains for machine learning (ML) edge inference applications via the design of co-processor accelerator systems. However, the design effort for training…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Tousif Rahman , Gang Mao , Sidharth Maheshwari , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev

We propose fixed-function neural network hardware that is designed to perform pixel-to-pixel image transformations in a highly efficient way. We use a fully trainable, fixed-topology neural network to build a model that can perform a wide…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-06 Masayoshi Asama , Leo F. Isikdogan , Sushma Rao , Bhavin V. Nayak , Gilad Michael

The increased demand for data privacy and security in machine learning (ML) applications has put impetus on effective edge training on Internet-of-Things (IoT) nodes. Edge training aims to leverage speed, energy efficiency and adaptability…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Gang Mao , Tousif Rahman , Sidharth Maheshwari , Bob Pattison , Zhuang Shao , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a machine learning algorithm founded on the classical Tsetlin Automaton (TA) and game theory. It further leverages frequent pattern mining and resource allocation principles to extract common patterns in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Saeed Rahimi Gorji , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Sondre Glimsdal , Jonathan Edwards , Morten Goodwin

Feature Selection (FS) is crucial for improving model interpretability, reducing complexity, and sometimes for enhancing accuracy. The recently introduced Tsetlin machine (TM) offers interpretable clause-based learning, but lacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Vojtech Halenka , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Per-Arne Andersen

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) provide a fundamental shift from arithmetic-based to logic-based machine learning. Supporting convolution, they deal successfully with image classification datasets like MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and CIFAR-2. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Ole-Christoffer Granmo

A near memory hardware accelerator, based on a novel direct path computational model, for real-time emulation of radio frequency systems is demonstrated. Our evaluation of hardware performance uses both application-specific integrated…

The modern implementation of machine learning architectures faces significant challenges due to frequent data transfer between memory and processing units. In-memory computing, primarily through memristor-based analog computing, offers a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Omar Ghazal , Tian Lan , Shalman Ojukwu , Komal Krishnamurthy , Alex Yakovlev , Rishad Shafik

Transposed Convolutions (TCONV) enable the up-scaling mechanism within generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. However, the predominant Input-Oriented Mapping (IOM) method for implementing TCONV has complex output mapping,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jude Haris , José Cano

Compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators for spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising solutions to enable $\mu$s-level inference latency and ultra-low energy in edge vision applications. Yet, their current lack of flexibility at both the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Nicolas Chauvaux , Adrian Kneip , Christoph Posch , Kofi Makinwa , Charlotte Frenkel

Tsetlin Machine (TM) has been gaining popularity as an inherently interpretable machine leaning method that is able to achieve promising performance with low computational complexity on a variety of applications. The interpretability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Jivitesh Sharma , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

Silicon photo-multipliers (SiPM) have been replacing traditional photomultiplier tubes in most light sensing applications. However, when large detection surface coverage is needed, photomultipliers (PMTs) are still the preferred choice. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-03-13 Luca Giangrande , Matthieu Heller , Yannick Favre , Teresa Montaruli

In this paper, we apply a new promising tool for pattern classification, namely, the Tsetlin Machine (TM), to the field of disease forecasting. The TM is interpretable because it is based on manipulating expressions in propositional logic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Xuan Zhang , Morten Goodwin

The rapid adaptation of data driven AI models, such as deep learning inference, training, Vision Transformers (ViTs), and other HPC applications, drives a strong need for runtime precision configurable different non linear activation…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mukul Lokhande , Gopal Raut , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

3D NAND enables continuous NAND density and cost scaling beyond conventional 2D NAND. However, its poly-Si channel suffers from low mobility, large device variations, and instability caused by grain boundaries. Here, we overcome these…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-12-19 Chen Sun , Chao Li , Subhranu Samanta , Kaizhen Han , Zijie Zheng , Jishen Zhang , Qiwen Kong , Haiwen Xu , Zuopu Zhou , Yue Chen , Cheng Zhuo , Kai Ni , Xunzhao Yin , Xiao Gong

Bladder cancer claims one life every 3 minutes worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), yet up to 70% recur after treatment, triggering a relentless cycle of surgeries, monitoring, and risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Saram Abbas , Naeem Soomro , Rishad Shafik , Rakesh Heer , Kabita Adhikari
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