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We develop the framework of Linear Simulation-based Inference (LSBI), an application of simulation-based inference where the likelihood is approximated by a Gaussian linear function of its parameters. We obtain analytical expressions for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-08 Nicolas Mediato-Diaz , Will Handley

Simulation-based inference (SBI) provides a powerful framework for inferring posterior distributions of stochastic simulators in a wide range of domains. In many settings, however, the posterior distribution is not the end goal itself --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Mila Gorecki , Jakob H. Macke , Michael Deistler

Because many of our X-ray telescopes are optimized towards observing faint sources, observations of bright sources like X-ray binaries in outburst are often affected by instrumental biases. These effects include dead time and photon…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 D. Huppenkothen , M. Bachetti

Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) is a promising Bayesian inference framework that alleviates the need for analytic likelihoods to estimate posterior distributions. Recent advances using neural density estimators in SBI algorithms have…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-13 Justine Zeghal , François Lanusse , Alexandre Boucaud , Benjamin Remy , Eric Aubourg

Simulation-based inference (SBI) offers a flexible and general approach to performing Bayesian inference: In SBI, a neural network is trained on synthetic data simulated from a model and used to rapidly infer posterior distributions for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Julius Vetter , Manuel Gloeckler , Daniel Gedon , Jakob H. Macke

Simulation-based inference (SBI) is a statistical inference approach for estimating latent parameters of a physical system when the likelihood is intractable but simulations are available. In practice, SBI is often hindered by model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Ortal Senouf , Antoine Wehenkel , Cédric Vincent-Cuaz , Emmanuel Abbé , Pascal Frossard

Simulation-based inference (SBI) makes it possible to infer the parameters of a model from high-dimensional low-level features of the observed events. In this work we show how this method can be used to establish the presence of a weak…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-31 Kierthika Chathirathas , Torben Ferber , Felix Kahlhoefer , Alessandro Morandini

When a statistical model $\{P_{\theta} : \theta \in \Theta\}$ lacks analytically tractable likelihoods, parametric statistical inference based on data generated from an unknown underlying distribution $P$ can still be performed as long as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Peter Matthew Jacobs , Lekha Patel , Anirban Bhattacharya , Debdeep Pati

We introduce BayesSim, a framework for robotics simulations allowing a full Bayesian treatment for the parameters of the simulator. As simulators become more sophisticated and able to represent the dynamics more accurately, fundamental…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Fabio Ramos , Rafael Carvalhaes Possas , Dieter Fox

Accurately estimating parameters of physiological models is essential to achieving reliable digital twins. For Type 1 Diabetes, this is particularly challenging due to the complexity of glucose-insulin interactions. Traditional methods…

Scientific modeling and engineering applications rely heavily on parameter estimation methods to fit physical models and calibrate numerical simulations using real-world measurements. In the absence of analytic statistical models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Ruoxi Jiang , Peter Y. Lu , Rebecca Willett

Bayesian inference allows expressing the uncertainty of posterior belief under a probabilistic model given prior information and the likelihood of the evidence. Predominantly, the likelihood function is only implicitly established by a…

Black-box optimization in science and engineering often comes with side information: experts, simulators, pretrained predictors, or heuristics can suggest which candidates look promising. This information can accelerate search, but it can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nicolas Samuel Blumer , Julien Martinelli , Samuel Kaski

Model parameter inference is a universal problem across science. This challenge is particularly pronounced in developmental biology, where faithful mechanistic descriptions require spatial-stochastic models with numerous parameters, yet…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Michael A. Ramirez-Sierra , Thomas R. Sokolowski

Simulation models, in particular agent-based models, are gaining popularity in economics. The considerable flexibility they offer, as well as their capacity to reproduce a variety of empirically observed behaviours of complex systems, give…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-02-20 Joel Dyer , Patrick Cannon , J. Doyne Farmer , Sebastian Schmon

Parameter estimation for gravitational-wave signals is computationally demanding due to the high dimensionality of the parameter space and the cost of repeated waveform generation in traditional Bayesian inference. These analyses require on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-30 Sama Al-Shammari , Alexandre Göttel , Masaki Iwaya , Vivien Raymond

Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables parameter estimation for complex stochastic models with intractable likelihoods when model simulation is feasible. Neural posterior estimation (NPE) is a popular SBI approach that often achieves…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-23 Ryan P. Kelly , David T. Frazier , David J. Warne , Christopher C. Drovandi

Driven by steady progress in deep generative modeling, simulation-based inference (SBI) has emerged as the workhorse for inferring the parameters of stochastic simulators. However, recent work has demonstrated that model misspecification…

Challenging manipulation tasks can be solved effectively by combining individual robot skills, which must be parameterized for the concrete physical environment and task at hand. This is time-consuming and difficult for human programmers,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Benjamin Alt , Darko Katic , Rainer Jäkel , Asil Kaan Bozcuoglu , Michael Beetz

Aided by advances in neural density estimation, considerable progress has been made in recent years towards a suite of simulation-based inference (SBI) methods capable of performing flexible, black-box, approximate Bayesian inference for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-07 Patrick Cannon , Daniel Ward , Sebastian M. Schmon