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Deep learning has transformed protein design, enabling accurate structure prediction, sequence optimization, and de novo protein generation. Advances in single-chain protein structure prediction via AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, ESMFold, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gregory W. Kyro , Tianyin Qiu , Victor S. Batista

Generative modeling within constrained sets is essential for scientific and engineering applications involving physical, geometric, or safety requirements (e.g., molecular generation, robotics). We present a unified framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kijung Jeon , Michael Muehlebach , Molei Tao

Stable diffusion models represent the state-of-the-art in data synthesis across diverse domains and hold transformative potential for applications in science and engineering, e.g., by facilitating the discovery of novel solutions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Stefano Zampini , Jacob K. Christopher , Luca Oneto , Davide Anguita , Ferdinando Fioretto

Inverse design problems are common in engineering and materials science. The forward direction, i.e., computing output quantities from design parameters, typically requires running a numerical simulation, such as a FEM, as an intermediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Jens U. Kreber , Christian Weißenfels , Joerg Stueckler

Diffusion generative models have emerged as a powerful framework for addressing problems in structural biology and structure-based drug design. These models operate directly on 3D molecular structures. Due to the unfavorable scaling of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-10 Ian Dunn , David Ryan Koes

Understanding how proteins structurally interact is crucial to modern biology, with applications in drug discovery and protein design. Recent machine learning methods have formulated protein-small molecule docking as a generative problem…

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

Generating novel and functional protein sequences is critical to a wide range of applications in biology. Recent advancements in conditional diffusion models have shown impressive empirical performance in protein generation tasks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zinan Ling , Yi Shi , Brett McKinney , Da Yan , Yang Zhou , Bo Hui

Understanding the macroscopic characteristics of biological complexes demands precision and specificity in statistical ensemble modeling. One of the primary challenges in this domain lies in sampling from particular subsets of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Justin Diamond , Markus Lill

Computational protein design is experiencing a transformation driven by AI/ML. However, the range of potential protein sequences and structures is astronomically vast, even for moderately sized proteins. Hence, achieving convergence between…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Aymen Alsaadi , Jonathan Ash , Mikhail Titov , Matteo Turilli , Andre Merzky , Shantenu Jha , Sagar Khare

The de novo design of proteins refers to creating proteins with specific structures and functions that do not naturally exist. In recent years, the accumulation of high-quality protein structure and sequence data and technological…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-24 Yujie Qin , Ming He , Changyong Yu , Ming Ni , Xian Liu , Xiaochen Bo

Proteins are the fundamental macromolecules that play diverse and crucial roles in all living matter and have tremendous implications in healthcare, manufacturing, and biotechnology. Their functions are largely determined by the sequences…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-17 Boqiao Lai

Deep generative models have achieved tremendous success in structure-based drug design in recent years, especially for generating 3D ligand molecules that bind to specific protein pocket. Notably, diffusion models have transformed ligand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Daiheng Zhang , Chengyue Gong , Qiang Liu

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for molecular generation, particularly in the context of 3D molecular structures. Inspired by non-equilibrium statistical physics, these models can generate 3D molecular structures with…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Amira Alakhdar , Barnabas Poczos , Newell Washburn

Diffusion models have shown remarkable potential in planning and control tasks due to their ability to represent multimodal distributions over actions and trajectories. However, ensuring safety under constraints remains a critical challenge…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Jichen Zhang , Liqun Zhao , Antonis Papachristodoulou , Jack Umenberger

Since its foundations, more than one hundred years ago, the field of structural biology has strived to understand and analyze the properties of molecules and their interactions by studying the structure that they take in 3D space. However,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-27 Gabriele Corso

Recent remarkable advancements in geometric deep generative models, coupled with accumulated structural data, enable structure-based drug design (SBDD) using only target protein information. However, existing models often struggle to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-09 Joongwon Lee , Wonho Zhung , Jisu Seo , Woo Youn Kim

Inverse protein folding, the process of designing sequences that fold into a specific 3D structure, is crucial in bio-engineering and drug discovery. Traditional methods rely on experimentally resolved structures, but these cover only a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-27 Igor Melnyk , Aurelie Lozano , Payel Das , Vijil Chenthamarakshan

Diffusion models have attained prominence for their ability to synthesize a probability distribution for a given dataset via a diffusion process, enabling the generation of new data points with high fidelity. However, diffusion processes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Shervin Khalafi , Dongsheng Ding , Alejandro Ribeiro

Generative models have the potential to accelerate key steps in the discovery of novel molecular therapeutics and materials. Diffusion models have recently emerged as a powerful approach, excelling at unconditional sample generation and,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-17 Leo Klarner , Tim G. J. Rudner , Garrett M. Morris , Charlotte M. Deane , Yee Whye Teh