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Quantization is an effective technique to reduce memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption of deep learning models. However, existing quantization methods suffer from accuracy degradation compared to full-precision (FP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

This study aims to ensure consistency in accuracy throughout the entire design flow in the implementation of edge AI hardware for few-shot learning, by implementing fixed-point data processing in the pre-training and evaluation phases.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-16 R. Kanda , N. Onizawa , M. Leonardon , V. Gripon , T. Hanyu

A growing trend has emerged in designing high-quality Small Language Models (SLMs) with a few million parameters. This trend is driven by the increasing concerns over cloud costs, privacy, and latency. Considering that full parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Xuan Shen , Peiyan Dong , Zhenglun Kong , Yifan Gong , Changdi Yang , Zhaoyang Han , Yanyue Xie , Lei Lu , Cheng Lyu , Chao Wu , Yanzhi Wang , Pu Zhao

The Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) is a powerful foundation model for promptable segmentation. However, its high computational and memory costs are a major barrier to deployment on resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Nicola Farronato , Florian Scheidegger , Mattia Rigotti , Cristiano Malossi , Michele Magno , Haotong Qin

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce the deployment cost of large language models (LLMs), and post-training quantization (PTQ) has been widely studied due to its efficiency. However, existing PTQ methods are limited by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qitao Tan , Xiaoying Song , Jin Lu , Guoming Li , Jun Liu , Lingzi Hong , Caiwen Ding , Jundong Li , Xiaoming Zhai , Shaoyi Huang , Wei Niu , Geng Yuan

Model quantization helps to reduce model size and latency of deep neural networks. Mixed precision quantization is favorable with customized hardwares supporting arithmetic operations at multiple bit-widths to achieve maximum efficiency. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Linjie Yang , Qing Jin

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance on vision generation tasks. However, the high computational complexity hinders its wide application on edge devices. Quantization has emerged as a promising technique for inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weilun Feng , Chuanguang Yang , Haotong Qin , Yuqi Li , Xiangqi Li , Zhulin An , Libo Huang , Boyu Diao , Fuzhen Zhuang , Michele Magno , Yongjun Xu , Yingli Tian , Tingwen Huang

Quantization is an effective way to reduce the memory cost of large-scale model training. However, most existing methods adopt fixed-precision policies, which ignore the fact that optimizer-state distributions vary significantly across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Minglu Liu , Cunchen Hu , Liangliang Xu , Fengming Tang , Ruijia Wang , Fu Yu

Efficient inference is critical for deploying deep learning models on edge AI devices. Low-bit quantization (e.g., 3- and 4-bit) with fixed-point arithmetic improves efficiency, while low-power memory technologies like analog nonvolatile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Anmol Biswas , Raghav Singhal , Sivakumar Elangovan , Shreyas Sabnis , Udayan Ganguly

Transformer-based models, such as BERT, have been widely applied in a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, one inevitable side effect is that they require massive memory storage and inference cost when deployed in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jianwei Li , Tianchi Zhang , Ian En-Hsu Yen , Dongkuan Xu

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is essential for deploying large models under strict memory and latency constraints, yet achieving stable and robust optimization at ultra-low bitwidths remains challenging. Common approaches based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Tianyi Chen , Sihan Chen , Xiaoyi Qu , Dan Zhao , Ruomei Yan , Jongwoo Ko , Luming Liang , Pashmina Cameron

This study explores the quantisation-aware training (QAT) on time series Transformer models. We propose a novel adaptive quantisation scheme that dynamically selects between symmetric and asymmetric schemes during the QAT phase. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Tianheng Ling , Chao Qian , Lukas Einhaus , Gregor Schiele

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a powerful technique for model compression, reducing the numerical precision in neural networks without additional training overhead. Recent works have investigated adopting 8-bit floating-point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Shivam Aggarwal , Hans Jakob Damsgaard , Alessandro Pappalardo , Giuseppe Franco , Thomas B. Preußer , Michaela Blott , Tulika Mitra

Large language models (LLMs) excel at natural language tasks but face deployment challenges due to their growing size outpacing GPU memory advancements. Model quantization mitigates this issue by lowering weight and activation precision,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Shizhuo Mao , Song Chen , Yi Kang

We present a novel sub-8-bit quantization-aware training (S8BQAT) scheme for 8-bit neural network accelerators. Our method is inspired from Lloyd-Max compression theory with practical adaptations for a feasible computational overhead during…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-01 Kai Zhen , Hieu Duy Nguyen , Raviteja Chinta , Nathan Susanj , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Tariq Afzal , Ariya Rastrow

Quantization is essential for reducing the computational cost and memory usage of deep neural networks, enabling efficient inference on low-precision hardware. Despite the growing adoption of uniform and floating-point quantization schemes,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Mehmet Aktukmak , Daniel Huang , Ke Ding

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has revolutionized image and video segmentation with its powerful zero-shot capabilities. However, its massive parameter scale and high computational demands hinder efficient deployment on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Wenlun Zhang , Yunshan Zhong , Weiqi Yan , Shengchuan Zhang , Shimpei Ando , Kentaro Yoshioka

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the natural language processing paradigm but impose substantial demands on memory and computational resources. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to reduce memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Xilong Xie , Liang Wang , Limin Xiao , Meng Han , Lin Sun , Shuai Zheng , Xiangrong Xu

Quantization has gained attention as a promising solution for the cost-effective deployment of large and small language models. However, most prior work has been limited to perplexity or basic knowledge tasks and lacks a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jemin Lee , Sihyeong Park , Jinse Kwon , Jihun Oh , Yongin Kwon

Despite the outstanding performance of transformers in both language and vision tasks, the expanding computation and model size have increased the demand for efficient deployment. To address the heavy computation and parameter drawbacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xijie Huang , Zhiqiang Shen , Pingcheng Dong , Kwang-Ting Cheng
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