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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently been applied to universal multimodal retrieval, where Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning improves candidate reranking. However, existing approaches remain largely language-driven, relying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Dongyang Chen , Chaoyang Wang , Dezhao Su , Xi Xiao , Zeyu Zhang , Jing Xiong , Qing Li , Yuzhang Shang , Shichao Kan

Legal question answering (QA) has attracted increasing attention from people seeking legal advice, which aims to retrieve the most applicable answers from a large-scale database of question-answer pairs. Previous methods mainly use a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shiwen Ni , Hao Cheng , Min Yang

This study explores the realm of knowledge base question answering (KBQA). KBQA is considered a challenging task, particularly in parsing intricate questions into executable logical forms. Traditional semantic parsing (SP)-based methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Guanming Xiong , Junwei Bao , Wen Zhao

We present M$^3$-VQA, a novel knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmark, to enhance the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in fine-grained multimodal entity understanding and complex multi-hop reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiatong Ma , Longteng Guo , Yuchen Liu , Zijia Zhao , Dongze Hao , Xuanxu Lin , Jing Liu

This paper proposes CQ-VQA, a novel 2-level hierarchical but end-to-end model to solve the task of visual question answering (VQA). The first level of CQ-VQA, referred to as question categorizer (QC), classifies questions to reduce the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Aakansha Mishra , Ashish Anand , Prithwijit Guha

Recent progress in VLMs has demonstrated impressive capabilities across a variety of tasks in the natural image domain. Motivated by these advancements, the remote sensing community has begun to adopt VLMs for remote sensing vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Congcong Wen , Yiting Lin , Xiaokang Qu , Nan Li , Yong Liao , Xiang Li , Hui Lin

Vision and language understanding has emerged as a subject undergoing intense study in Artificial Intelligence. Among many tasks in this line of research, visual question answering (VQA) has been one of the most successful ones, where the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Yunseok Jang , Yale Song , Youngjae Yu , Youngjin Kim , Gunhee Kim

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at visual reasoning but still struggle with integrating external knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising solution, but current methods remain inefficient and often fail to maintain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Gen Li , Peiyu Liu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated great performance on visual question answering (VQA). When it comes to knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KB-VQA), MLLMs may lack the specialized domain knowledge needed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Weixi Weng , Jieming Zhu , Xiaojun Meng , Hao Zhang , Rui Zhang , Chun Yuan

Effectively retrieving, reasoning and understanding visually rich information remains a challenge for RAG methods. Traditional text-based methods cannot handle visual-related information. On the other hand, current vision-based RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qiuchen Wang , Ruixue Ding , Yu Zeng , Zehui Chen , Lin Chen , Shihang Wang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Feng Zhao

Knowledge enhanced pre-trained language models (K-PLMs) are shown to be effective for many public tasks in the literature but few of them have been successfully applied in practice. To address this problem, we propose K-AID, a systematic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Fu Sun , Feng-Lin Li , Ruize Wang , Qianglong Chen , Xingyi Cheng , Ji Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have pushed the frontiers of Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering (KBVQA), yet their reasoning is fundamentally bottlenecked by a reliance on uni-dimensional evidence. This "seeing only the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Junjie Wang , Yunhan Tang , Yijie Wang , Zhihao Yuan , Huan Wang , Yangfan He , Bin Li

Visual Question Answering with Natural Language Explanation (VQA-NLE) task is challenging due to its high demand for reasoning-based inference. Recent VQA-NLE studies focus on enhancing model networks to amplify the model's reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Su Hyeon Lim , Minkuk Kim , Hyeon Bae Kim , Seong Tae Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for eliciting reasoning chains before generating final answers. However, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) generate reasoning that lacks integration of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Omar Sharif , Eftekhar Hossain , Patrick Ng

Pre-trained multimodal models have achieved significant success in retrieval-based question answering. However, current multimodal retrieval question-answering models face two main challenges. Firstly, utilizing compressed evidence features…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Shuwen Yang , Anran Wu , Xingjiao Wu , Luwei Xiao , Tianlong Ma , Cheng Jin , Liang He

Iterative retrieval-augmented generation (iRAG) models offer an effective approach for multi-hop question answering (QA). However, their retrieval process faces two key challenges: (1) it can be disrupted by irrelevant documents or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jinyuan Fang , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

We present a new pre-training method, Multimodal Inverse Cloze Task, for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering about named Entities (KVQAE). KVQAE is a recently introduced task that consists in answering questions about named entities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Paul Lerner , Olivier Ferret , Camille Guinaudeau

Visual Question Answering (VQA) concerns providing answers to Natural Language questions about images. Several deep neural network approaches have been proposed to model the task in an end-to-end fashion. Whereas the task is grounded in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Mehrdad Alizadeh , Barbara Di Eugenio

In visual question answering (VQA), an algorithm must answer text-based questions about images. While multiple datasets for VQA have been created since late 2014, they all have flaws in both their content and the way algorithms are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Kushal Kafle , Christopher Kanan

Knowledge Graph Question Answering aims to answer natural language questions by reasoning over structured knowledge graphs. While large language models have advanced KGQA through their strong reasoning capabilities, existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yanlin Song , Ben Liu , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Zhiwei Hu , Qianqian Xie , Min Peng , Sophia Ananiadou , Jeff Z. Pan