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Providing feedback on programming assignments manually is a tedious, error prone, and time-consuming task. In this paper, we motivate and address the problem of generating feedback on performance aspects in introductory programming…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-09-18 Sumit Gulwani , Ivan Radiček , Florian Zuleger

The growing enrollments in computer science courses and increase in class sizes necessitate scalable, automated tutoring solutions to adequately support student learning. While Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have demonstrated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Ty Feng , Sa Liu , Dipak Ghosal

AI-powered coding assistants can support students in programming courses by providing on-demand explanations and debugging help. However, existing research often focuses on individual tools, leaving a gap in evidence-based design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Boxuan Ma , Yinjie Xie , Huiyong Li , Gen Li , Li Chen , Atsushi Shimada , Shin'Ichi Konomi

In courses that involve programming assignments, giving meaningful feedback to students is an important challenge. Human beings can give useful feedback by manually grading the programs but this is a time-consuming, labor intensive, and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Joshua Clune , Vijay Ramamurthy , Ruben Martins , Umut A. Acar

With the recent rapid increase in digitization across all major industries, acquiring programming skills has increased the demand for introductory programming courses. This has further resulted in universities integrating programming…

A large body of research demonstrates how teachers' questioning strategies can improve student learning outcomes. However, developing new scenarios is challenging because of the lack of training data for a specific scenario and the costs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Debajyoti Datta , Maria Phillips , James P Bywater , Jennifer Chiu , Ginger S. Watson , Laura E. Barnes , Donald E Brown

AI tools, particularly large language modules, have recently proven their effectiveness within learning management systems and online education programmes. As feedback continues to play a crucial role in learning and assessment in schools,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ievgeniia Kuzminykh , Tareita Nawaz , Shihao Shenzhang , Bogdan Ghita , Jeffery Raphael , Hannan Xiao

Large Language Models possess skills such as answering questions, writing essays or solving programming exercises. Since these models are easily accessible, researchers have investigated their capabilities and risks for programming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Lianne Roest , Hieke Keuning , Johan Jeuring

Intelligent tutoring systems have long enabled automated immediate feedback on student work when it is presented in a tightly structured format and when problems are very constrained, but reliably assessing free-form mathematical reasoning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Aron Gohr , Marie-Amelie Lawn , Kevin Gao , Inigo Serjeant , Stephen Heslip

Timely, personalized feedback is essential for students learning programming. LLM-powered tools like ChatGPT offer instant support, but reveal direct answers with code, which may hinder deep conceptual engagement. We developed CodeAid, an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Majeed Kazemitabaar , Runlong Ye , Xiaoning Wang , Austin Z. Henley , Paul Denny , Michelle Craig , Tovi Grossman

Timely formative feedback is considered as one of the most important drivers for effective learning. Delivering timely and individualized feedback is particularly challenging in large classes in higher education. Recently Large Language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Imen Azaiz , Oliver Deckarm , Sven Strickroth

We ran a study on engagement and achievement for a first year undergraduate programming module which used an online learning environment containing tasks which generate automated feedback. Students could also access human feedback from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Beate Grawemeyer , John Halloran , Matthew England , David Croft

Effective feedback is essential for fostering students' success in scientific inquiry. With advancements in artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) offer new possibilities for delivering instant and adaptive feedback. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kathrin Seßler , Arne Bewersdorff , Claudia Nerdel , Enkelejda Kasneci

As generative AI becomes increasingly integrated into higher education, understanding how students engage with these technologies is essential for responsible adoption. This study evaluates the Educational AI Hub, an AI-powered learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Ramteja Sajja , Yusuf Sermet , Brian Fodale , Ibrahim Demir

Mixed-initiative systems allow users to interactively provide feedback to potentially improve system performance. Human feedback can correct model errors and update model parameters to dynamically adapt to changing data. Additionally, many…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Donald R. Honeycutt , Mahsan Nourani , Eric D. Ragan

The kind of help a student receives during a task has been shown to play a significant role in their learning process. We designed an interaction scenario with a robotic tutor, in real-life settings based on an inquiry-based learning task.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Maria Blancas-Muñoz , Vasiliki Vouloutsi , Riccardo Zucca , Anna Mura , Paul F. M. J. Verschure

Evaluating teaching effectiveness at scale remains a persistent challenge for large universities, particularly within engineering programs that enroll tens of thousands of students. Traditional methods, such as manual review of student…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jean-Francois Chamberland , Martin C. Carlisle , Arul Jayaraman , Krishna R. Narayanan , Sunay Palsole , Karan Watson

The increasing availability and use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in educational settings has raised concerns about students' overreliance on these technologies. Overreliance occurs when individuals accept incorrect AI-generated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Griffin Pitts , Neha Rani , Weedguet Mildort , Eva-Marie Cook

Effective peer feedback is essential for developing critical reflection in higher education, yet its impact is often limited by the inconsistent quality of student-generated comments. This paper presents the implementation and deployment of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Alvaro Becerra , Alejandra Palma , Ruth Cobos

Students in introductory physics courses often rely on ineffective strategies, focusing on final answers rather than understanding underlying principles. Integrating scientific argumentation into problem-solving fosters critical thinking…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-21 Winter Allen , Anand Shanker , N. Sanjay Rebello