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Create an idea, prototype it, evaluate if users like it, then learn. It is the circle of business. If AI can operate in all parts of the circle, it will enable rapid iteration and learning speeds for businesses. Experiment platforms that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jeffrey Wong , Antoine Creux

We evaluate an automatic hint generator for CS1 programming assignments powered by GPT-4, a large language model. This system provides natural language guidance about how students can improve their incorrect solutions to short programming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Laryn Qi , J. D. Zamfirescu-Pereira , Taehan Kim , Björn Hartmann , John DeNero , Narges Norouzi

A Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) approach leverages generative AI to enhance personalized learning by directly integrating student feedback into AI-generated solutions. Students critique and modify AI responses using predefined feedback tags,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Bhavishya Tarun , Haoze Du , Dinesh Kannan , Edward F. Gehringer

Generative AI and large language models hold great promise in enhancing programming education by automatically generating individualized feedback for students. We investigate the role of generative AI models in providing human tutor-style…

The growing need for automated and personalized feedback in programming education has led to recent interest in leveraging generative AI for feedback generation. However, current approaches tend to rely on prompt engineering techniques in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Victor-Alexandru Pădurean , Tung Phung , Nachiket Kotalwar , Michael Liut , Juho Leinonen , Paul Denny , Adish Singla

Providing timely and personalized feedback to large numbers of students is a long-standing challenge in programming courses. Relying on human teaching assistants (TAs) has been extensively studied, revealing a number of potential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Paul Denny , Stephen MacNeil , Jaromir Savelka , Leo Porter , Andrew Luxton-Reilly

The importance of managing feedback practices in higher education has been widely recognised, as they play a crucial role in enhancing teaching, learning, and assessment processes. In today's educational landscape, feedback practices are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daniele Agostini , Federica Picasso

How students utilize immediate tutoring feedback in programming education depends on various factors. Among them are the feedback quality, but also students' engagement, i.e., their perception, interpretation, and use of feedback. However,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sven Jacobs , Jan Haas , Natalie Kiesler

Novice programmers benefit from timely, personalized support that addresses individual learning gaps, yet the availability of instructors and teaching assistants is inherently limited. Large language models (LLMs) present opportunities to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Griffin Pitts , Anurata Prabha Hridi , Arun-Balajiee Lekshmi-Narayanan

Feedback is important in supporting student learning. While various automated feedback systems have been implemented to make the feedback scalable, many existing solutions only focus on generating text-based feedback. As is indicated in the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Chloe Qianhui Zhao , Jie Cao , Eason Chen , Kenneth R. Koedinger , Jionghao Lin

Feedback is a critical component of the learning process, particularly in computer science education. This study investigates the quality of feedback generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), Small Language Models (SLMs), compared with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Suqing Liu , Bogdan Simion , Christopher Eaton , Michael Liut

Instructors play a pivotal role in integrating AI into education, yet their adoption of AI-powered tools remains inconsistent. Despite this, limited research explores how to design AI tools that support broader instructor adoption. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Si Chen , Reid Metoyer , Khiem Le , Adam Acunin , Izzy Molnar , Alex Ambrose , James Lang , Nitesh Chawla , Ronald Metoyer

The rapid growth of programming education has outpaced traditional assessment tools, leaving faculty with limited means to provide meaningful, scalable feedback. Conventional autograders, while efficient, act as black-box systems that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Vikrant Sahu , Gagan Raj Gupta , Raghav Borikar , Nitin Mane

We present an empirical study of how both experienced tutors and non-tutors judge the correctness of tutor praise responses under different Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted interfaces, types of explanation (textual explanations vs.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Eason Chen , Jeffrey Li , Scarlett Huang , Xinyi Tang , Jionghao Lin , Paulo Carvalho , Kenneth Koedinger

This study investigates the optimization of Generative AI (GenAI) systems through human feedback, focusing on how varying feedback mechanisms influence the quality of GenAI outputs. We devised a Human-AI training loop where 32 students,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Jacob Sherson , Florent Vinchon

This study examines how AI code assistants shape novice programmers experiences during a two-part exam in an introductory programming course. In the first part, students completed a programming task with access to AI support; in the second,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sergio Rojas-Galeano , Julian Tejada , Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos

End of semester student evaluations of teaching are the dominant mechanism for providing feedback to academics on their teaching practice. For large classes, however, the volume of feedback makes these tools impractical for this purpose.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Mike Zhang , Euan D Lindsay , Frederik Bode Thorbensen , Danny Bøgsted Poulsen , Johannes Bjerva

Human-AI collaboration increasingly drives decision-making across industries, from medical diagnosis to content moderation. While AI systems promise efficiency gains by providing automated suggestions for human review, these workflows can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Jacob Beck , Stephanie Eckman , Christoph Kern , Frauke Kreuter

Addressing the challenge of generating personalized feedback for programming assignments is demanding due to several factors, like the complexity of code syntax or different ways to correctly solve a task. In this experimental study, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Maciej Pankiewicz , Ryan S. Baker

Providing rich, constructive feedback to students is essential for supporting and enhancing their learning. Recent advancements in Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly with large language models (LLMs), present new…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Euan D Lindsay , Mike Zhang , Aditya Johri , Johannes Bjerva