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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable fluency and competence across various natural language tasks. However, recent research has highlighted their sensitivity to variations in input prompts. To deploy LLMs in a safe and reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Harsh Raj , Vipul Gupta , Domenic Rosati , Subhabrata Majumdar

Efficiency and safety of Large Language Models (LLMs), among other factors, rely on the quality of tokenization. A good tokenizer not only improves inference speed and language understanding but also provides extra defense against jailbreak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Pavel Chizhov , Egor Bogomolov , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations and sensitive to prompt perturbations, often resulting in inconsistent or unreliable generated text. Different methods have been proposed to mitigate such hallucinations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiaoyuan Wu , Weiran Lin , Omer Akgul , Lujo Bauer

Large language models have gained significant traction and popularity in recent times, extending their usage to code-generation tasks. While this field has garnered considerable attention, the exploration of testing and evaluating the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fazle Rabbi , Zishuo Ding , Jinqiu Yang

Token-based time series large language models (TS-LLMs) have emerged as a promising direction for time series analysis and reasoning. However, prior studies largely overlook the inherent continuity and ordinality of time series tokens,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Musheng Li , Ziying Zhang , Cheng jin , Yuantao Gu

In anomaly detection, methods based on large language models (LLMs) can incorporate expert knowledge by reading professional document, while task-specific small models excel at extracting normal data patterns and detecting value…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Feiyi Chen , Leilei Zhang , Guansong Pang , Roger Zimmermann , Shuiguang Deng

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on plain text tasks but underperform on structured data like tables and databases. Potential challenges arise from their underexposure during pre-training and rigid text-to-structure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Jiawei Gu , Ziting Xian , Yuanzhen Xie , Ye Liu , Enjie Liu , Ruichao Zhong , Mochi Gao , Yunzhi Tan , Bo Hu , Zang Li

The Learning Rate (LR) has a high impact on deep learning training performance. A common practice is to train a Deep Neural Network (DNN) multiple times with different LR policies to find the optimal LR policy, which has been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Hongpeng Jin , Yanzhao Wu

The popular success of text-based large language models (LLM) has streamlined the attention of the multimodal community to combine other modalities like vision and audio along with text to achieve similar multimodal capabilities. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Debarpan Bhattacharya , Apoorva Kulkarni , Sriram Ganapathy

Consistency is a fundamental dimension of trustworthiness in Large Language Models (LLMs). For humans to be able to trust LLM-based applications, their outputs should be consistent when prompted with inputs that carry the same meaning or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Harsh Raj , Vipul Gupta , Domenic Rosati , Subhabrata Majumdar

Just like the previous generation of task-tuned models, large language models (LLMs) that are adapted to tasks via prompt-based methods like in-context-learning (ICL) perform well in some setups but not in others. This lack of consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Lucas Weber , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Finetuned LLMs often exhibit poor uncertainty quantification, manifesting as overconfidence, poor calibration, and unreliable prediction results on test data or out-of-distribution samples. One approach commonly used in vision for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xi Wang , Laurence Aitchison , Maja Rudolph

Multimodal medical image segmentation often faces missing modalities at inference, which induces disagreement among modality experts and makes fusion unstable, particularly on small foreground structures. We propose Consistency Learning of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xinyu Tong , Meihua Zhou , Bowu Fan , Haitao Li

We present a method for systematically evaluating the correctness and robustness of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) for code generation via a new benchmark, Turbulence. Turbulence consists of a large set of natural language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Shahin Honarvar , Mark van der Wilk , Alastair Donaldson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities in following human instructions. However, recent studies have raised concerns about the robustness of LLMs when prompted with instructions combining textual adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yuansen Zhang , Xiao Wang , Zhiheng Xi , Han Xia , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet aligning them efficiently and effectively with human expectations remains a critical challenge. This thesis advances LLM alignment by introducing novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuxin Jiang

Recent advancements in code large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation and understanding. It is still challenging to build a code LLM with comprehensive performance yet ultimate efficiency.…

In the realm of Large Language Model (LLM) functionalities, providing reliable information is paramount, yet reports suggest that LLM outputs lack consistency. This inconsistency, often at-tributed to randomness in token sampling,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yanggyu Lee , Jihie Kim

As the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to expand, aligning these models with human values remains a significant challenge. Recent studies show that reasoning abilities contribute significantly to model safety, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhili Liu , Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Lanqing Hong , Jiahui Gao , Fei Mi , Yu Zhang , Zhenguo Li , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , James T. Kwok

Combining large language models during training or at inference time has shown substantial performance gain over component LLMs. This paper presents LLM-TOPLA, a diversity-optimized LLM ensemble method with three unique properties: (i) We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Selim Furkan Tekin , Fatih Ilhan , Tiansheng Huang , Sihao Hu , Ling Liu