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Typical evaluations of Large Language Models (LLMs) report a single metric per dataset, often representing the model's best-case performance under carefully selected settings. Unfortunately, this approach overlooks model robustness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Grigor Nalbandyan , Rima Shahbazyan , Evelina Bakhturina

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, yet their diverse strengths and weaknesses prevent any single LLM from achieving dominance across all tasks. Ensembling multiple LLMs is a promising approach to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Jiaxin Zhang , Zhuohang Li , Wendi Cui , Kamalika Das , Bradley malin , Sricharan Kumar

Ensembling Large Language Models (LLMs) has gained attention as a promising approach to surpass the performance of individual models by leveraging their complementary strengths. In particular, aggregating models' next-token probability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Heecheol Yun , Kwangmin Ki , Junghyun Lee , Eunho Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating programs from natural language descriptions, yet ensuring their correctness without an external oracle remains a critical challenge. To solve the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yunxiang Wei , Tianlin Li , Yuwei Zheng , Yanni Dong , Aishan Liu , Qiang Hu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Mingfei Cheng , Jian Yang

Today's pursuit of a single Large Language Model (LMM) for all software engineering tasks is resource-intensive and overlooks the potential benefits of complementarity, where different models contribute unique strengths. However, the degree…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fernando Vallecillos-Ruiz , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly adopted in the software engineering domain, yet the robustness of their grasp on core software design concepts remains unclear. We conduct an empirical study to systematically evaluate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mootez Saad , Boqi Chen , José Antonio Hernández López , Dániel Varró , Tushar Sharma

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code generation, where the natural language prompt plays a crucial role in conveying user intent to the model. However, prior studies have shown that LLMs are highly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Shuhan Liu , Xing Hu , Kerui Huang , Xiaohu Yang , David Lo , Xin Xia

To facilitate robust and trustworthy deployment of large language models (LLMs), it is essential to quantify the reliability of their generations through uncertainty estimation. While recent efforts have made significant advancements by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Rui Li , Jing Long , Muge Qi , Heming Xia , Lei Sha , Peiyi Wang , Zhifang Sui

Large language models (LLMs) have shown tremendous success in following user instructions and generating helpful responses. Nevertheless, their robustness is still far from optimal, as they may generate significantly inconsistent responses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yukun Zhao , Lingyong Yan , Weiwei Sun , Guoliang Xing , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chong Meng , Zhicong Cheng , Zhaochun Ren , Dawei Yin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, but still suffer from inconsistency issues (e.g. LLMs can react differently to disturbances like rephrasing or inconsequential order change). In addition to these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zhe Yang , Yichang Zhang , Tianyu Liu , Jian Yang , Junyang Lin , Chang Zhou , Zhifang Sui

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit varying strengths and weaknesses across different tasks, prompting recent studies to explore the benefits of ensembling models to leverage their complementary advantages. However, existing LLM ensembling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yuxuan Yao , Han Wu , Mingyang Liu , Sichun Luo , Xiongwei Han , Jie Liu , Zhijiang Guo , Linqi Song

The recent success of specialized Large Language Models (LLMs) in domains such as mathematical reasoning and coding has led to growing interest in methods for merging these expert LLMs into a unified Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model, with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuhang Zhou , Giannis Karamanolakis , Victor Soto , Anna Rumshisky , Mayank Kulkarni , Furong Huang , Wei Ai , Jianhua Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advances in text generation but often lack the reliability needed for autonomous deployment in high-stakes domains like healthcare, law, and finance. Existing approaches rely on external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ninad Naik

Despite strong performance on code generation tasks, it remains unclear whether large language models (LLMs) genuinely reason about code execution. Existing code reasoning benchmarks primarily evaluate final output correctness under a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jun Gao , Yun Peng , Qian Qiao , Changhai Zhou , Yuhua Zhou , Shiyang Zhang , Shichao Weng , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoxue Ren

Code vulnerability detection is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of modern software systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in this domain. However, notable discrepancies in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zhihong Sun , Jia Li , Yao Wan , Chuanyi Li , Hongyu Zhang , Zhi jin , Ge Li , Hong Liu , Chen Lyu , Songlin Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved code generation, particularly in one-pass code generation. However, most existing approaches focus solely on generating code in a single programming language, overlooking the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Tengfei Xue , Xuefeng Li , Tahir Azim , Roman Smirnov , Jianhui Yu , Arash Sadrieh , Babak Pahlavan

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted across diverse domains of software engineering, such as code generation, program repair, and vulnerability detection. These applications require understanding beyond surface-level code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Danning Xie , Mingwei Zheng , Xuwei Liu , Jiannan Wang , Chengpeng Wang , Lin Tan , Xiangyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in various applications, but they still face various inconsistency issues. Existing works primarily focus on the inconsistency issues within a single LLM, while we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Kai Xiong , Xiao Ding , Yixin Cao , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Persona-assigned Large Language Models (LLMs) can adopt diverse roles, enabling personalized and context-aware reasoning. However, even minor demographic perturbations in personas, such as simple pronoun changes, can alter reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xiangjue Dong , Cong Wang , Maria Teleki , Millennium Bismay , James Caverlee

This paper addresses the challenge of train-short-test-long (TSTL) scenarios in Large Language Models (LLMs) equipped with Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE), where models pre-trained on shorter sequences face difficulty with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Suyuchen Wang , Ivan Kobyzev , Peng Lu , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Bang Liu
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