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The Einstein Probe (EP) is an interdisciplinary mission of time-domain and X-ray astronomy. Equipped with a wide-field lobster-eye X-ray focusing imager, EP will discover cosmic X-ray transients and monitor the X-ray variability of known…

The luminosity function of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), defined as the event rate per unit cosmic co-moving volume per unit luminosity, may help to reveal the possible origins of FRBs and design the optimal searching strategy. With the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-22 Rui Luo , Yunpeng Men , Kejia Lee , Weiyang Wang , D. R. Lorimer , Bing Zhang

We derive, adopting a direct method, the luminosity function and the formation rate of long Gamma Ray Bursts through a complete, flux-limited, sample of Swift bursts which has a high level of completeness in redshift z (~82%). We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-02-17 A. Pescalli , G. Ghirlanda , R. Salvaterra , G. Ghisellini , S. D. Vergani , F. Nappo , O. S. Salafia , A. Melandri , S. Covino , D. Götz

Fast X-ray transients (FXTs) have been detected for over a decade, yet their origins are still enigmatic. The observed association between FXTs and broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) suggests that some may share the same progenitor…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-26 Jian-He Zheng , Wenbin Lu

Observations of fast X-ray transients (FXRTs) with the Einstein Probe have successfully led to the discovery of some unusual extragalactic optical transients. EP241021a is a newly discovered FXRT that was featured by a significant bump…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-15 Guang-Lei Wu , Yun-Wei Yu , Liang-Duan Liu , Zi-Gao Dai , Wei-Hua Lei , Xue-Feng Wu , Dong Xu , Bing Zhang , Jin-Ping Zhu , Yuan-Chuan Zou

Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXT) are a class of High-Mass X-ray Binaries whose optical counterparts are O or B supergiant stars, and whose X-ray outbursts are ~ 4 orders of magnitude brighter than the quiescent state. LOFT, the Large…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 P. Romano , E. Bozzo , P. Esposito , C. Ferrigno , V. Mangano

Several types of extra-galactic high-energy transients have been discovered, which include high-luminosity and low-luminosity long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), short-duration GRBs, supernova shock breakouts (SBOs), and tidal disruption…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-10-14 Hui Sun , Bing Zhang , Zhuo Li

We present multiband observations and analysis of EP240801a, a low-energy, extremely soft gamma-ray burst (GRB) discovered on August 1, 2024 by the Einstein Probe (EP) satellite, with a weak contemporaneous signal also detected by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-07 Shuai-Qing Jiang , Dong Xu , Agnes P. C. van Hoof , Wei-Hua Lei , Yuan Liu , Hao Zhou , Yong Chen , Shao-Yu Fu , Jun Yang , Xing Liu , Zi-Pei Zhu , Alexei V. Filippenko , Peter G. Jonker , A. S. Pozanenko , He Gao , Xue-Feng Wu , Bing Zhang , Gavin P Lamb , Massimiliano De Pasquale , Shiho Kobayashi , Franz Erik Bauer , Hui Sun , Giovanna Pugliese , Jie An , Valerio D'Elia , Johan P. U. Fynbo , WeiKang Zheng , Alberto J. C. Tirado , Yi-Han Iris Yin , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Adam T. Deller , N. S. Pankov , A. A. Volnova , A. S. Moskvitin , O. I. Spiridonova , D. V. Oparin , V. Rumyantsev , O. A. Burkhonov , Sh. A. Egamberdiyev , V. Kim , M. Krugov , A. M. Tatarnikov , R. Inasaridze , Andrew J. Levan , Daniele Bjørn Malesani , Maria E. Ravasio , Jonathan Quirola-Vásquez , Joyce N. D. van Dalen , Javi Sánchez-Sierras , Daniel Mata Sánchez , Stuart P. Littlefair , Jennifer A. Chacón , Manuel A. P. Torres , Ashley A. Chrimes , Nikhil Sarin , Antonio Martin-Carrillo , Vik Dhillon , Yi Yang , Thomas G. Brink , Rebecca L. Davies , Sheng Yang , Amar Aryan , Ting-Wan Chen , Albert K. H. Kong , Wen-Xiong Li , Rui-Zhi Li , Jirong Mao , Ignacio Pérez-García , Emilio J. Fernández-García , Moira Andrews , Joseph Farah , Zhou Fan , Estefania Padilla Gonzalez , D. Andrew Howell , Dieter Hartmann , Jing-Wei Hu , Páll Jakobsson , Cheng-Kui Li , Zhi-Xing Ling , Curtis McCully , Megan Newsome , Benjamin Schneider , Kaew Samaporn Tinyanont , Ning-Chen Sun , Giacomo Terreran , Qing-Wen Tang , Wen-Xin Wang , Jing-Jing Xu , Wei-Min Yuan , Bin-Bin Zhang , Hai-Sheng Zhao , Juan Zhang

The low luminosity, X-ray flaring activity, of the sub-class of high mass X-ray binaries called Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients, has been investigated using XMM-Newton public observations, taking advantage of the products made publicly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-15 L. Sidoli , K. A. Postnov , A. Belfiore , M. Marelli , D. Salvetti , R. Salvaterra , A. De Luca , P. Esposito

The Einstein Probe (EP) is a mission designed to monitor the sky in the soft X-ray band. It will perform systematic surveys and characterisation of high-energy transients and monitoring of variable objects at unprecedented sensitivity and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-05 Weimin Yuan , Chen Zhang , Yong Chen , Zhixing Ling

How the event rate of fast radio bursts (FRBs) evolves with redshift is a hot topic to explore their cosmological origin and the circum-burst environment. Particularly, it is urgent to know what the difference of event rates between…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-16 Q. Pan , X. Y. Du , Z. B. Zhang , Y. F. Huang , L. B. Li , G. A. Li

Extragalactic fast X-ray transients (FXTs) are short flashes of X-ray photons of unknown origin that last a few minutes to hours. We extend the search for extragalactic FXTs from Quirola et al. 2022 (Paper I; based on sources in the Chandra…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-05 J. Quirola-Vásquez , F. E. Bauer , P. G. Jonker , W. N. Brandt , G. Yang , A. J. Levan , Y. Q. Xue , D. Eappachen , E. Camacho , M. E. Ravasio , X. C. Zheng , B. Luo

Twenty-two extragalactic fast X-ray transients (FXTs) have now been discovered from two decades of Chandra data (analyzing ~259 Ms of data), with 17 associated with distant galaxies (>100 Mpc). Different mechanisms and progenitors have been…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-04 J. Quirola-Vásquez , F. E. Bauer , P. G. Jonker , W. N. Brandt , D. Eappachen , A. J. Levan , E. Lopez , B. Luo , M. E. Ravasio , H. Sun , Y. Q. Xue , G. Yang , X. C. Zheng

The accretion mechanism producing the short flares observed from the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXT) is still highly debated and forms a major part in our attempts to place these X-ray binaries in the wider context of the High Mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-10-05 M. Fiocchi , A. Bazzano , L. Natalucci , P. Ubertini , V. Sguera , A. J. Bird , C. M. Boon , P. Persi , L. Piro

We report here on the results of the analysis of Chandra, XMM-Newton and NuSTAR recent observations of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient XTEJ1739-302. The source was caught in a low X-ray luminosity state, from a few $10^{31}$ to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-22 Lara Sidoli , Gabriele Ponti , Vito Sguera , Paolo Esposito

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are enigmatic millisecond-duration radio transients whose physical origins remain debated. To shed light on this, we analyze the CHIME/FRB Catalog 2. By using the probability distribution of dispersion measured (DM)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-30 X. D. Jia , D. H. Gao , J. H. Chen , Q. Wu , S. X. Yi , F. Y. Wang

The in-flight instrumental background of the Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT) onboard Einstein Probe (EP) mission is analysed in this work by utilizing observations collected during Performance Verification phase and subsequent dedicated…

Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients are a class of Galactic High Mass X-ray Binaries with supergiant companions. Their extreme transient X-ray flaring activity was unveiled thanks to INTEGRAL/IBIS observations. The SFXTs dynamic range, with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-02-01 Lara Sidoli

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are astronomical transients with millisecond timescales occurring at cosmological distances. The observed time lag between different energies of each FRB is well described by the inverse-square law of the observed…