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Handover optimization in O-RAN faces growing challenges due to heterogeneous user mobility patterns and rapidly varying radio conditions. Existing ML-based handover schemes typically operate at the near-RT layer, which lack awareness of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Abdul Wadud , Fatemeh Golpayegani , Nima Afraz

In modern wireless network architectures, such as Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN), the operation of the radio access network (RAN) is managed by applications, or apps for short, deployed at intelligent controllers. These apps are selected…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Qiushuo Hou , Sangwoo Park , Matteo Zecchin , Yunlong Cai , Guanding Yu , Osvaldo Simeone

The transition toward softwarized Radio Access Networks (RANs), driven by the Open RAN (O-RAN) paradigm, enables flexible, vendor-neutral deployments through disaggregation and virtualization of base station functions. However, this shift…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francisco Crespo , Javier Villegas , Carlos Baena , Eduardo Baena , Sergio Fortes , Raquel Barco

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture is revolutionizing cellular networks with its open, multi-vendor design and AI-driven management, aiming to enhance flexibility and reduce costs. Although it has many advantages, O-RAN is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Eran Aizikovich , Dudu Mimran , Edita Grolman , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture provides an intrinsic capability to exploit key performance monitoring (KPM) within Radio Intelligence Controller (RIC) to derive network optimisation through xApps. These xApps can leverage…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Abdelaziz Salama , Maryam Hafeez , Syed A. R. Zaidi

Open RAN (O-RAN) exposes rich control and telemetry interfaces across the Non-RT RIC, Near-RT RIC, and distributed units, but also makes it harder to operate multi-tenant, multi-objective RANs in a safe and auditable manner. In parallel,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhizhou He , Yang Luo , Xinkai Liu , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Mohammad Shojafar , Merouane Debbah , Rahim Tafazolli

Despite recommendations to deploy real-time Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) applications (dApps) in containerized environments, existing approaches predominantly rely on bare-metal servers. Moreover, current dApp deployments offer limited…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Conrado Boeira , Eduardo Baena , Andrea Lacava , Tommaso Melodia , Dimitrios Koutsonikolas , Israat Haque

Connected Vehicles (CVs) can leverage the unique features of 5G and future 6G/NextG networks to enhance Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) services. However, even with advancements in cellular network generations, CV applications may…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Maria Barbosa , Kelvin Dias

The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) and its embodiment through the O-RAN Alliance specifications are poised to revolutionize the telecom ecosystem. O-RAN promotes virtualized RANs where disaggregated components are connected via open…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Michele Polese , Leonardo Bonati , Salvatore D'Oro , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia

The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) is an emerging idea -- transforming the traditional Radio Access Networks (RAN) that are monolithic and inflexible into more flexible and innovative. By leveraging open standard interfaces, data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-28 L. Malakalapalli , V. Gudepu , B. Chirumamilla , S. J. Yadhunandan , K. Kondepu

Recently, open radio access network (O-RAN) has become a promising technology to provide an open environment for network vendors and operators. Coordinating the x-applications (xAPPs) is critical to increase flexibility and guarantee high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Han Zhang , Hao Zhou , Melike Erol-Kantarci

RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) are programmable platforms that enable data-driven closed-loop control in the O-RAN architecture. They collect telemetry and data from the RAN, process it in custom applications, and enforce control or new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Angelo Feraudo , Stefano Maxenti , Andrea Lacava , Paolo Bellavista , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia

Softwarization, programmable network control and the use of all-encompassing controllers acting at different timescales are heralded as the key drivers for the evolution to next-generation cellular networks. These technologies have fostered…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Salvatore D'Oro , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-native mobile networks represent a fundamental step toward 6G, where learning, inference, and decision making are embedded into the Radio Access Network (RAN) itself. In such networks, multiple AI agents…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Joao F. Santos , Arshia Zolghadr , Scott Kuzdeba , Jacek Kibiłda

In spite of the new opportunities brought about by the Open RAN, advances in ML-based network automation have been slow, mainly because of the unavailability of large-scale datasets and experimental testing infrastructure. This slows down…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Michele Polese , Leonardo Bonati , Salvatore D'Oro , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia

Open-Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has become an important paradigm for 5G and beyond radio access networks. This paper presents an xApp called xSlice for the Near-Real-Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) of 5G O-RANs. xSlice is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Peihao Yan , Jie Lu , Huacheng Zeng , Y. Thomas Hou

In mobile networks, Open Radio Access Network (ORAN) provides a framework for implementing network slicing that interacts with the resources at the lower layers. Both monitoring and Radio Access Network (RAN) control is feasible for both 4G…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Andreas Casparsen , Beatriz Soret , Jimmy Jessen Nielsen , Petar Popovski

The vision of AI-RAN convergence, as advocated by the AI-RAN Alliance, aims to unlock a unified 6G platform capable of seamlessly supporting AI and RAN workloads over shared infrastructure. However, the architectural framework and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Syed Danial Ali Shah , Maryam Hafeez , Abdelaziz Salama , Syed Ali Raza Zaidi

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) are transforming telecommunications by shifting from centralized to distributed architectures, promoting flexibility, interoperability, and innovation through open interfaces and multi-vendor environments.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zaineh Abughazzah , Emna Baccour , Ahmed Refaey , Amr Mohamed , Mounir Hamdi

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture allows AI to be embedded directly into the RAN through modular xApps and rApps, yet creating these applications collecting data, training models, writing code, and deploying them safely…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Seyed Bagher Hashemi Natanzi , Pranshav Gajja , Bo Tang , Vijay K. Shah