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Behavior cloning (BC) is a widely-used approach in imitation learning, where a robot learns a control policy by observing an expert supervisor. However, the learned policy can make errors and might lead to safety violations, which limits…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Yusuf Umut Ciftci , Darren Chiu , Zeyuan Feng , Gaurav S. Sukhatme , Somil Bansal

Recent advances in Behavior Cloning (BC) have made it easy to teach robots new tasks. However, we find that the ease of teaching comes at the cost of unreliable performance that saturates with increasing data for tasks requiring precision.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Lars Ankile , Anthony Simeonov , Idan Shenfeld , Marcel Torne , Pulkit Agrawal

Diffusion and flow matching models have emerged as powerful robot policies, enabling Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to generalize across diverse scenes and instructions. Yet, when trained via imitation learning, their high generative…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Minho Park , Kinam Kim , Junha Hyung , Hyojin Jang , Hoiyeong Jin , Jooyeol Yun , Hojoon Lee , Jaegul Choo

Advanced building control methods such as model predictive control (MPC) offer significant potential benefits to both consumers and grid operators, but the high computational requirements have acted as barriers to more widespread adoption.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-02 Zachary E. Lee , K. Max Zhang

Diffusion and flow matching policies offer expressive, multimodal action modeling, yet they are frequently unstable in online reinforcement learning (RL) due to intractable likelihoods and gradients propagating through long sampling chains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chubin Zhang , Zhenglin Wan , Feng Chen , Fuchao Yang , Lang Feng , Yaxin Zhou , Xingrui Yu , Yang You , Ivor Tsang , Bo An

Learning long-horizon robotic manipulation requires jointly achieving expressive behavior modeling, real-time inference, and stable execution, which remains challenging for existing generative policies. Diffusion-based approaches offer…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wu Songwei , Jiang Zhiduo , Sun Wandong , Xie Guanghu , Zhao Rui , Liu Hong , Liu Yang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) can learn optimal policies from pre-collected offline datasets without interacting with the environment, but the sampled actions of the agent cannot often cover the action distribution under a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Xuemin Hu , Shen Li , Yingfen Xu , Bo Tang , Long Chen

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated the powerful exploration capabilities and multimodality of generative diffusion-based policies. While substantial progress has been made in offline RL and off-policy RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Shutong Ding , Ke Hu , Shan Zhong , Haoyang Luo , Weinan Zhang , Jingya Wang , Jun Wang , Ye Shi

In this paper, we leverage the rapid advances in imitation learning, a topic of intense recent focus in the Reinforcement Learning (RL) literature, to develop new sample complexity results and performance guarantees for data-driven Model…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Kwangjun Ahn , Zakaria Mhammedi , Horia Mania , Zhang-Wei Hong , Ali Jadbabaie

Diffusion Policy has dominated action generation due to its strong capabilities for modeling multi-modal action distributions, but its multi-step denoising processes make it impractical for real-time visuomotor control. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kangye Ji , Jianbo Zhou , Yuan Meng , Ye Li , Hanyun Cui , Zhi Wang

Offline reinforcement learning often relies on behavior regularization that enforces policies to remain close to the dataset distribution. However, such approaches fail to distinguish between high-value and low-value actions in their…

Behavioural cloning is an imitation learning technique that teaches an agent how to behave via expert demonstrations. Recent approaches use self-supervision of fully-observable unlabelled snapshots of the states to decode state pairs into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Juarez Monteiro , Nathan Gavenski , Felipe Meneguzzi , Rodrigo C. Barros

The controllable generation of diffusion models aims to steer the model to generate samples that optimize some given objective functions. It is desirable for a variety of applications including image generation, molecule generation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Owen Oertell , Shikun Sun , Yiding Chen , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhiyong Wang , Wen Sun

Learning from demonstration is widely used as an efficient way for robots to acquire new skills. However, it typically requires that demonstrations provide full access to the state and action sequences. In contrast, learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Zachary W. Robertson , Matthew R. Walter

In sequential decision-making environments, the primary approaches for training agents are Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Imitation Learning (IL). Unlike RL, which relies on modeling a reward function, IL leverages expert demonstrations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Jonas Nüßlein , Maximilian Zorn , Philipp Altmann , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

This paper presents an off-policy Gaussian Predictive Control (GPC) framework aimed at solving optimal control problems with a smaller computational footprint, thereby facilitating real-time applicability while ensuring critical safety…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Shiva Kumar Tekumatla , Varun Gampa , Siavash Farzan

Predicting and executing a sequence of actions without intermediate replanning, known as action chunking, is increasingly used in robot learning from human demonstrations. Yet, its effects on the learned policy remain inconsistent: some…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yuejiang Liu , Jubayer Ibn Hamid , Annie Xie , Yoonho Lee , Maximilian Du , Chelsea Finn

Guidance & control networks (G&CNETs) provide a promising alternative to on-board guidance and control (G&C) architectures for spacecraft, offering a differentiable, end-to-end representation of the guidance and control architecture. When…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Harry Holt , Sebastien Origer , Dario Izzo

Generative policies based on expressive model classes, such as diffusion and flow matching, are well-suited to complex control problems with highly multimodal action distributions. Their expressivity, however, comes at a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Christos Ziakas , Alessandra Russo , Avishek Joey Bose

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of two of the most impactful interventions in modern learning from demonstration in robotics and continuous control: the practice of action-chunking (predicting sequences of actions in open-loop)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Thomas T. Zhang , Daniel Pfrommer , Chaoyi Pan , Nikolai Matni , Max Simchowitz