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Autonomous agent frameworks built upon large language models (LLMs) are evolving into complex, tool-integrated, and continuously operating systems, introducing security risks beyond traditional prompt-level vulnerabilities. As this paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Luyao Xu , Xiang Chen

Multiple prompt injection attacks have been proposed against web agents. At the same time, various methods have been developed to detect general prompt injection attacks, but none have been systematically evaluated for web agents. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yinuo Liu , Ruohan Xu , Xilong Wang , Yuqi Jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

The demand for quality in mobile applications has increased greatly given users' high reliance on them for daily tasks. Developers work tirelessly to ensure that their applications are both functional and user-friendly. In pursuit of this,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Safwat Ali Khan

Hypervisors are under threat by critical memory safety vulnerabilities, with pointer corruption being one of the most prevalent and severe forms. Existing exploitation frameworks depend on identifying highly-constrained structures in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Gaoning Pan , Yiming Tao , Qinying Wang , Chunming Wu , Mingde Hu , Yizhi Ren , Shouling Ji

While GUI agents have made significant progress in web navigation and basic operating system tasks, their capabilities in professional creative workflows remain largely underexplored. To bridge this gap, we introduce Cutverse, a benchmark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Haobo Hu , Xiangwu Guo , Zhiheng Chen , Difei Gao , Haotian Liu , Libiao Jin , Qi Mao

Computer-using agents (CUAs) must plan task workflows across diverse and evolving applications, yet progress is limited by the lack of large-scale, high-quality training data. Existing datasets are narrow, static, and costly to annotate,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chan Hee Song , Yiwen Song , Palash Goyal , Yu Su , Oriana Riva , Hamid Palangi , Tomas Pfister

Nowadays, cyberattacks are growing exponentially, causing havoc to Internet users. In particular, authentication attacks constitute the major attack vector where intruders impersonate legitimate users to maliciously access systems or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ang Kok Wee , Eyasu Getahun Chekole , Jianying Zhou

Advances in natural language processing and understanding have led to a rapid growth in the popularity of conversational user interfaces (CUIs). While CUIs introduce novel benefits, they also yield risks that may exploit people's trust.…

Browser fingerprinting is a pervasive online tracking technique used increasingly often for profiling and targeted advertising. Prior research on the prevalence of fingerprinting heavily relied on automated web crawls, which inherently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai , Igor Bilogrevic , Emiliano De Cristofaro

As autonomous AI agents increasingly populate the Internet, a novel security challenge arises: "Is this entity an AI agent?" It is a new entity-type verification problem with no established solution. We formalize the problem through a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zuyao Xu , Xiang Li , Fubin Wu , Yuqi Qiu , Lu Sun , FaSheng Miao

Computer-use agents (CUAs) hold promise for automating everyday digital tasks, but their performance on long-horizon, complex problems remains unreliable. Single-rollout execution is brittle, with small errors compounding over time and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega , Vincent Tu , Chih-Lun Lee , Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Xin Eric Wang

CAPTCHA is a human-centred test to distinguish a human operator from bots, attacking programs, or other computerised agents that tries to imitate human intelligence. In this research, we investigate a way to crack visual CAPTCHA tests by an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Zahra Noury , Mahdi Rezaei

Application programming interfaces (APIs) have become a central part of the modern IT environment, allowing developers to enrich the functionality of applications and interact with third parties such as cloud and payment providers. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Nurullah Demir , Yash Vekaria , Georgios Smaragdakis , Zakir Durumeric

Web applications are becoming more ubiquitous. All manner of physical devices are now connected and often have a variety of web applications and web-interfaces. This proliferation of web applications has been accompanied by an increase in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Onyeka Ezenwoye , Yi Liu

The large number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) mounted on modern cars and their expansive communication capabilities create a substantial attack surface for potential exploitation. Despite the evolution of automotive technology, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Alessandro Lotto , Francesco Marchiori , Alessandro Brighente , Mauro Conti

We observe a change in the way users access information, that is, the rise of conversational information access (CIA) agents. However, the automatic evaluation of these agents remains an open challenge. Moreover, the training of CIA agents…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Nolwenn Bernard

Offensive security-tests are a common way to pro-actively discover potential vulnerabilities. They are performed by specialists, often called penetration-testers or white-hat hackers. The chronic lack of available white-hat hackers prevents…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Andreas Happe , Jürgen Cito

Many tools and libraries are readily available to build and operate distributed Web applications. While the setup of operational environments is comparatively easy, practice shows that their continuous secure operation is more difficult to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-07-13 Matteo Maria Casalino , Michele Mangili , Henrik Plate , Serena Elisa Ponta

In recent years, AI-based software engineering has progressed from pre-trained models to advanced agentic workflows, with Software Development Agents representing the next major leap. These agents, capable of reasoning, planning, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zhi Chen , Lingxiao Jiang

The rapid adoption of mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents, which autonomously control applications and operating systems (OS), exposes new system-level attack surfaces. Existing backdoors against web GUI agents and general GenAI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yutao Luo , Haotian Zhu , Shuchao Pang , Zhigang Lu , Tian Dong , Yongbin Zhou , Minhui Xue