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Extending spatio-temporal scale limitations of models for complex atomistic systems considered in biochemistry and materials science necessitates the development of enhanced sampling methods. The potential acceleration in exploring the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-18 Markus Schöberl , Nicholas Zabaras , Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis

In molecular dynamics simulations, rare events, such as protein folding, are typically studied using enhanced sampling techniques, most of which are based on the definition of a collective variable (CV) along which acceleration occurs.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-07-22 Soojung Yang , Juno Nam , Johannes C. B. Dietschreit , Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli

This paper explores the challenges and benefits of a trainable destruction process in diffusion samplers -- diffusion-based generative models trained to sample an unnormalised density without access to data samples. Contrary to the majority…

Many enhanced sampling techniques rely on the identification of a number of collective variables that describe all the slow modes of the system. By constructing a bias potential in this reduced space one is then able to sample efficiently…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-03-05 Michele Invernizzi , Michele Parrinello

Image enhancement finds wide-ranging applications in real-world scenarios due to complex environments and the inherent limitations of imaging devices. Recent diffusion-based methods yield promising outcomes but necessitate prolonged and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yixuan Zhu , Haolin Wang , Ao Li , Wenliang Zhao , Yansong Tang , Jingxuan Niu , Lei Chen , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Sampling from unnormalized densities is analogous to the generative modeling problem, but the target distribution is defined by a known energy function instead of data samples. Because evaluating the energy function is often costly, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Aaron Havens , Brian Karrer , Neta Shaul

Machine learning methods provide a general framework for automatically finding and representing the essential characteristics of simulation data. This task is particularly crucial in enhanced sampling simulations. There we seek a few…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Jakub Rydzewski , Omar Valsson

As a highly expressive generative model, diffusion models have demonstrated exceptional success across various domains, including image generation, natural language processing, and combinatorial optimization. However, as data distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Myunsoo Kim , Donghyeon Ki , Seong-Woong Shim , Byung-Jun Lee

Recent developments in generative modeling have utilized score-based methods coupled with stochastic differential equations to sample from complex probability distributions. However, these and other performant sampling methods generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bryan Riel , Tobias Bischoff

Free energy biasing methods have proven to be powerful tools to accelerate the simulation of important conformational changes of molecules by modifying the sampling measure. However, most of these methods rely on the prior knowledge of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-10-20 Zineb Belkacemi , Paraskevi Gkeka , Tony Lelièvre , Gabriel Stoltz

The sampling problem lies at the heart of atomistic simulations and over the years many different enhanced sampling methods have been suggested towards its solution. These methods are often grouped into two broad families. On the one hand…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-11-25 Michele Invernizzi , Pablo Miguel Piaggi , Michele Parrinello

Diffusion models (DMs) have proven to be effective in modeling high-dimensional distributions, leading to their widespread adoption for representing complex priors in Bayesian inverse problems (BIPs). However, current DM-based posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Haoxuan Chen , Yinuo Ren , Martin Renqiang Min , Lexing Ying , Zachary Izzo

Recent advances in powerful pre-trained diffusion models encourage the development of methods to improve the sampling performance under well-trained diffusion models. This paper introduces Diffusion Rejection Sampling (DiffRS), which uses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Byeonghu Na , Yeongmin Kim , Minsang Park , Donghyeok Shin , Wanmo Kang , Il-Chul Moon

The inverse design of metasurfaces faces inherent challenges due to the nonlinear and highly complex relationship between geometric configurations and their electromagnetic behavior. Traditional optimization approaches often suffer from…

In this paper, we propose a general methodology for sampling from un-normalized densities defined on Riemannian manifolds, with a particular focus on multi-modal targets that remain challenging for existing sampling methods. Inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Alain Durmus , Maxence Noble , Thibaut Pellerin

Simulating rare events, such as the transformation of a reactant into a product in a chemical reaction typically requires enhanced sampling techniques that rely on heuristically chosen collective variables (CVs). We propose using…

Diffusion models have recently attained significant interest within the community owing to their strong performance as generative models. Furthermore, its application to inverse problems have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-22 Hyungjin Chung , Byeongsu Sim , Jong Chul Ye

We present a mechanism to steer the sampling diversity of denoising diffusion and flow matching models, allowing users to sample from a sharper or broader distribution than the training distribution. We build on the observation that these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanbo Xu , Yu Wu , Sungjae Park , Zhizhuo Zhou , Shubham Tulsiani

Sampling from high-dimensional Gibbs measures poses a challenge when the energy landscape consists of multiple metastable states. Enhanced-sampling methods mitigate this difficulty by introducing adaptive biasing potentials to facilitate…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Liyao Lyu , Siyu Guo , Huan Lei

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as powerful techniques for generating samples from high-dimensional data distributions. These models involve a two-phase process: first, injecting noise to transform the data distribution into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Runjia Li , Qiwei Di , Quanquan Gu