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Recent work exploring the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to act as general pattern machines by completing complex token sequences representing a wide array of tasks, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Richard Lee Davis , Adam Hazimeh , Bojan Lazarevski , Pierre Dillenbourg , Tanja Käser

Instruction-tuned large language models have shown remarkable performance in aligning generated text with user intentions across various tasks. However, maintaining human-like discourse structure in the generated text remains a challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Yinhong Liu , Yixuan Su , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

Recovering meaningful concepts from language model activations is a central aim of interpretability. While existing feature extraction methods aim to identify concepts that are independent directions, it is unclear if this assumption can…

Large pre-trained language models (LMs) such as GPT-3 have acquired a surprising ability to perform zero-shot learning. For example, to classify sentiment without any training examples, we can "prompt" the LM with the review and the label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Ruiqi Zhong , Kristy Lee , Zheng Zhang , Dan Klein

This study addresses the challenges of analyzing temporal discrepancies in large language models (LLMs) trained on data from different time periods. To facilitate the automatic exploration of these differences, we propose a novel system…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Reinhard Friedrich Fritsch , Adam Jatowt

As large language models continue to be widely developed, robust uncertainty quantification techniques will become crucial for their safe deployment in high-stakes scenarios. In this work, we explore how conformal prediction can be used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Bhawesh Kumar , Charlie Lu , Gauri Gupta , Anil Palepu , David Bellamy , Ramesh Raskar , Andrew Beam

The pruning objective has recently extended beyond accuracy and sparsity to robustness in language models. Despite this, existing methods struggle to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks when continually increasing model sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Jianwei Li , Qi Lei , Wei Cheng , Dongkuan Xu

Human experts typically integrate numerical and textual multimodal information to analyze time series. However, most traditional deep learning predictors rely solely on unimodal numerical data, using a fixed-length window for training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Chengsen Wang , Qi Qi , Jingyu Wang , Haifeng Sun , Zirui Zhuang , Jinming Wu , Lei Zhang , Jianxin Liao

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to enable large language models (LLMs) to dynamically adapt to evolving knowledge and sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting-a critical limitation of the static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyang Chen , Zhongwu Sun , Hongfei Ye , Kunchi Li , Xuemin Lin

Instruction tuning is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve real-world tasks. Prior work has shown the effectiveness of instruction-tuning data synthesized solely from LLMs, raising a fundamental question: Do we still…

Although pre-trained language models encode generic knowledge beneficial for planning and control, they may fail to generate appropriate control policies for domain-specific tasks. Existing fine-tuning methods use human feedback to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yunhao Yang , Neel P. Bhatt , Tyler Ingebrand , William Ward , Steven Carr , Zhangyang Wang , Ufuk Topcu

Instruction Fine-Tuning enhances pre-trained language models from basic next-word prediction to complex instruction-following. However, existing One-off Instruction Fine-Tuning (One-off IFT) method, applied on a diverse instruction, may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Wei Pang , Chuan Zhou , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Xiaojie Wang

This paper introduces \textbf{Q-tuning}, a novel approach for continual prompt tuning that enables the lifelong learning of a pre-trained language model. When learning a new task, Q-tuning trains a task-specific prompt by adding it to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yanhui Guo , Shaoyuan Xu , Jinmiao Fu , Jia Liu , Chaosheng Dong , Bryan Wang

Autoregressive language models trained with next-token prediction generate text by sampling one discrete token at a time. Although very scalable, this objective forces the model to commit at every step, preventing it from exploring or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lorenzo Noci , Gregor Bachmann , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Moin Nabi

Reasoning-oriented language models typically expose explicit reasoning as a long, front-loaded chain of "thinking" tokens before the main output, either always enabled or externally toggled at inference time. Although this can help on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Susmit Das

Early stopping based on hold-out data is a popular regularization technique designed to mitigate overfitting and increase the predictive accuracy of neural networks. Models trained with early stopping often provide relatively accurate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-28 Ziyi Liang , Yanfei Zhou , Matteo Sesia

Recent research has revealed that neural language models at scale suffer from poor temporal generalization capability, i.e., the language model pre-trained on static data from past years performs worse over time on emerging data. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Zhaochen Su , Zecheng Tang , Xinyan Guan , Juntao Li , Lijun Wu , Min Zhang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with a collection of large and diverse instructions has improved the model's generalization to different tasks, even for unseen tasks. However, most existing instruction datasets include only single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shirley Anugrah Hayati , Taehee Jung , Tristan Bodding-Long , Sudipta Kar , Abhinav Sethy , Joo-Kyung Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Instruction tuning enables pretrained language models to perform new tasks from inference-time natural language descriptions. These approaches rely on vast amounts of human supervision in the form of crowdsourced datasets or user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Or Honovich , Thomas Scialom , Omer Levy , Timo Schick

Addressing biases in AI models is crucial for ensuring fair and accurate predictions. However, obtaining large, unbiased datasets for training can be challenging. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach using multiple methods to remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Ahmed Radwan , Layan Zaafarani , Jetana Abudawood , Faisal AlZahrani , Fares Fourati