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The concept of a recently proposed Forward-Forward learning algorithm for fully connected artificial neural networks is applied to a single multi output perceptron for classification. The parameters of the system are trained with respect to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 K. Fredrik Karlsson

We introduce a new approach in distributed deep learning, utilizing Geoffrey Hinton's Forward-Forward (FF) algorithm to speed up the training of neural networks in distributed computing environments. Unlike traditional methods that rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Ege Aktemur , Ege Zorlutuna , Kaan Bilgili , Tacettin Emre Bok , Berrin Yanikoglu , Suha Orhun Mutluergil

The backpropagation algorithm, or backprop, is a widely utilized optimization technique in deep learning. While there's growing evidence suggesting that models trained with backprop can accurately explain neuronal data, no backprop-like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Gananath R

We present the Graph Forward-Forward (GFF) algorithm, an extension of the Forward-Forward procedure to graphs, able to handle features distributed over a graph's nodes. This allows training graph neural networks with forward passes only,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Daniele Paliotta , Mathieu Alain , Bálint Máté , François Fleuret

This paper presents a novel, fast and privacy preserving implementation of deep autoencoders. DAEF (Deep Autoencoder for Federated learning), unlike traditional neural networks, trains a deep autoencoder network in a non-iterative way,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 David Novoa-Paradela , Oscar Romero-Fontenla , Bertha Guijarro-Berdiñas

Although backpropagation is widely accepted as a training algorithm for artificial neural networks, researchers are always looking for inspiration from the brain to find ways with potentially better performance. Forward-Forward is a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hossein Aghagolzadeh , Mehdi Ezoji

Agents that operate autonomously benefit from lifelong learning capabilities. However, compatible training algorithms must comply with the decentralized nature of these systems, which imposes constraints on both the parameter counts and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Xing Chen , Dongshu Liu , Jeremie Laydevant , Julie Grollier

The Forward-Forward (FF) learning algorithm provides a bottom-up alternative to backpropagation (BP) for training neural networks, relying on a layer-wise "goodness" function with well-designed negative samples for contrastive learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhichao Zhu , Yang Qi , Hengyuan Ma , Wenlian Lu , Jianfeng Feng

Feedforward neural networks are widely used as universal predictive models to fit data distribution. Common gradient-based learning, however, suffers from many drawbacks making the training process ineffective and time-consuming.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Grzegorz Dudek

Recent research in the design of end to end communication system using deep learning has produced models which can outperform traditional communication schemes. Most of these architectures leveraged autoencoders to design the encoder at the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Vishnu Raj , Sheetal Kalyani

Recent deep learning models such as ChatGPT utilizing the back-propagation algorithm have exhibited remarkable performance. However, the disparity between the biological brain processes and the back-propagation algorithm has been noted. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Taewook Hwang , Hyein Seo , Sangkeun Jung

The back-propagation algorithm has long been the de-facto standard in optimizing weights and biases in neural networks, particularly in cutting-edge deep learning models. Its widespread adoption in fields like natural language processing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sidike Paheding , Abel A. Reyes-Angulo

This paper introduces a new architectural framework, known as input fast-forwarding, that can enhance the performance of deep networks. The main idea is to incorporate a parallel path that sends representations of input values forward to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Ahmed Ibrahim , A. Lynn Abbott , Mohamed E. Hussein

While backpropagation and automatic differentiation have driven deep learning's success, the physical limits of chip manufacturing and rising environmental costs of deep learning motivate alternative learning paradigms such as physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yaqi Guo , Fabian Braun , Bastiaan Ketelaar , Stephanie Tan , Richard Norte , Siddhant Kumar

The Forward-Forward (FF) algorithm presents a compelling, bio-inspired alternative to backpropagation. However, while efficient in training, it has a computationally prohibitive inference process that requires a separate forward pass for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Shalini Sarode , Brian Moser , Joachim Folz , Federico Raue , Tobias Nauen , Stanislav Frolov , Andreas Dengel

End-to-end learning of communication systems enables joint optimization of transmitter and receiver, implemented as deep neural network-based autoencoders, over any type of channel and for an arbitrary performance metric. Recently, an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Mathieu Goutay , Fayçal Ait Aoudia , Jakob Hoydis

Self-supervised representation learning has seen remarkable progress in the last few years, with some of the recent methods being able to learn useful image representations without labels. These methods are trained using backpropagation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Jonas Brenig , Radu Timofte

Existing communication systems exhibit inherent limitations in translating theory to practice when handling the complexity of optimization for emerging wireless applications with high degrees of freedom. Deep learning has a strong potential…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Tugba Erpek , Timothy J. O'Shea , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Yi Shi , T. Charles Clancy

Training neural networks with back-propagation (BP) requires a sequential passing of activations and gradients, which forces the network modules to work in a synchronous fashion. This has been recognized as the lockings (i.e., the forward,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Huiping Zhuang , Yi Wang , Qinglai Liu , Shuai Zhang , Zhiping Lin

After the tremendous development of neural networks trained by backpropagation, it is a good time to develop other algorithms for training neural networks to gain more insights into networks. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Benyamin Ghojogh , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley