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Large Language Model (LLM)-based planning has advanced embodied agents in long-horizon environments such as Minecraft, where acquiring latent knowledge of goal (or item) dependencies and feasible actions is critical. However, LLMs often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Seungjoon Lee , Suhwan Kim , Minhyeon Oh , Youngsik Yoon , Jungseul Ok

Humans can pursue a near-infinite variety of tasks, but typically can only pursue a small number at the same time. We hypothesize that humans leverage experience on one task to preemptively learn solutions to other tasks that were…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Wilka Carvalho , Sam Hall-McMaster , Honglak Lee , Samuel J. Gershman

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in decision-making tasks, but struggle significantly with complex, long-horizon planning scenarios. This arises from their lack of macroscopic guidance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ziyue Li , Yuan Chang , Gaihong Yu , Xiaoqiu Le

Many potential applications of reinforcement learning in the real world involve interacting with other agents whose numbers vary over time. We propose new neural policy architectures for these multi-agent problems. In contrast to other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Matthew A. Wright , Roberto Horowitz

Open-ended AI agents need to be able to learn efficiently goals of increasing complexity, abstraction and heterogeneity over their lifetime. Beyond sampling efficiently their own goals, autotelic agents specifically need to be able to keep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Thomas Carta , Clément Romac , Loris Gaven , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer , Olivier Sigaud , Sylvain Lamprier

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities for reinforcement learning (RL) models, such as planning and reasoning capabilities. However, the problems of LLMs and RL model collaboration still need to be solved. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shangding Gu

Agentic AI has significantly extended the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by enabling complex reasoning and tool use. However, most existing frameworks are tailored to domains such as mathematics, coding, or web automation, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Md Hasebul Hasan , Mahir Labib Dihan , Tanzima Hashem , Mohammed Eunus Ali , Md Rizwan Parvez

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained using massive text datasets have recently shown promise in generating action plans for robotic agents from high level text queries. However, these models typically do not consider the robot's…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Maitrey Gramopadhye , Daniel Szafir

We address the problem of teaching a deep reinforcement learning (RL) agent to follow instructions in multi-task environments. Instructions are expressed in a well-known formal language -- linear temporal logic (LTL) -- and can specify a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Pashootan Vaezipoor , Andrew Li , Rodrigo Toro Icarte , Sheila McIlraith

A fundamental aspect of behaviour is the ability to encode salient features of experience in memory and use these memories, in combination with current sensory information, to predict the best action for each situation such that long-term…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Stephen Kelly , Tatiana Voegerl , Wolfgang Banzhaf , Cedric Gondro

The choice of action spaces is a critical yet unresolved challenge in developing capable, end-to-end trainable agents. This paper first presents a large-scale, systematic comparison of prominent abstracted action spaces and tokenizers for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zihao Wang , Muyao Li , Kaichen He , Xiangyu Wang , Zhancun Mu , Anji Liu , Yitao Liang

While advances in multi-agent learning have enabled the training of increasingly complex agents, most existing techniques produce a final policy that is not designed to adapt to a new partner's strategy. However, we would like our AI agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Andy Shih , Stefano Ermon , Dorsa Sadigh

We explore using latent natural language instructions as an expressive and compositional representation of complex actions for hierarchical decision making. Rather than directly selecting micro-actions, our agent first generates a latent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Hengyuan Hu , Denis Yarats , Qucheng Gong , Yuandong Tian , Mike Lewis

Intelligent agents powered by AI planning assist people in complex scenarios, such as managing teams of semi-autonomous vehicles. However, AI planning models may be incomplete, leading to plans that do not adequately meet the stated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Ronal Singh , Tim Miller , Darryn Reid

Artificial General Intelligence falls short when communicating role specific nuances to other systems. This is more pronounced when building autonomous LLM agents capable and designed to communicate with each other for real world problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Rabimba Karanjai , Weidong Shi

We propose a novel approach for planning agents to compose abstract skills via observing and learning from historical interactions with the world. Our framework operates in a Markov state-space model via a set of actions under unknown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Tin Lai

In this work we examine the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the challenging setting of acting as a Minecraft agent. We apply and evaluate LLMs in the builder and architect settings, introduce clarification questions and examining the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Chris Madge , Massimo Poesio

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed for complex, tool-based tasks where long-term memory is critical to driving actions. Existing benchmarks, however, primarily test a angent's ability to passively retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yiting Shen , Kun Li , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Achieving safe and coordinated behavior in dynamic, constraint-rich environments remains a major challenge for learning-based control. Pure end-to-end learning often suffers from poor sample efficiency and limited reliability, while…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-10 Max Studt , Georg Schildbach

Improving the decision-making capabilities of agents is a key challenge on the road to artificial intelligence. To improve the planning skills needed to make good decisions, MuZero's agent combines prediction by a network model and planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Matthias Unverzagt