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When mapping subnational health and demographic indicators, direct weighted estimators of small area means based on household survey data can be unreliable when data are limited. If survey microdata are available, unit level models can…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-22 Peter A. Gao , Jon Wakefield

We consider a small area estimation model under square-root transformation in the presence of functional measurement error. When measurement error is present, the Bayes predictor can no longer be used as it depends on the covariates even if…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-27 Ka Long Keith Ho , Masayo Y. Hirose , Malay Ghosh

We propose a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator whose first stage is the equal-weighted average over a complete subset with $k$ instruments among $K$ available, which we call the complete subset averaging (CSA) 2SLS. The approximate…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-03 Seojeong Lee , Youngki Shin

In the present study, we propose a new estimator for population mean of the study variable y in the case of stratified random sampling using the information based on auxiliary variable x. Expression for the mean squared error (MSE) of the…

Applications · Statistics 2014-07-25 Sachin Malik , Viplav Kumar Singh , Rajesh Singh

In this paper we have proposed an almost unbiased estimator using known value of some population parameter(s). A class of estimators is defined which includes Singh and Solanki [1] and Sahai and Ray [2], Sisodia and Dwivedi [3], Singh et.…

Applications · Statistics 2014-05-19 Rajesh Singh , S. B. Gupta , Sachin Malik

In countries where population census data are limited, generating accurate subnational estimates of health and demographic indicators is challenging. Existing model-based geostatistical methods leverage covariate information and spatial…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-08 Peter A. Gao , Jon Wakefield

This paper investigates the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation of x, given the observation y = Hx+n, when x and n are independent and Gaussian Mixture (GM) distributed. The introduction of GM distributions, represents a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-08-18 John T. Flam , Saikat Chatterjee , Kimmo Kansanen , Torbjorn Ekman

Some ratio estimators for estimating the population mean of the variable under study, which make use of information regarding the population proportion possessing certain attribute, are proposed. Under simple random sampling without…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2009-07-27 Rajesh Singh , Pankaj Chauhan , Nirmala Sawan , Florentin Smarandache

We propose a general semi-supervised inference framework focused on the estimation of the population mean. As usual in semi-supervised settings, there exists an unlabeled sample of covariate vectors and a labeled sample consisting of…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-15 Anru Zhang , Lawrence D. Brown , T. Tony Cai

In small area estimation, it is a smart strategy to rely on data measured over time. However, linear mixed models struggle to properly capture time dependencies when the number of lags is large. Given the lack of published studies…

In low and middle income countries, household surveys are a valuable source of information for a range of health and demographic indicators. Increasingly, subnational estimates are required for targeting interventions and evaluating…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-21 Katie Wilson , Jon Wakefield

Auxiliary variable is extensively used in survey sampling to improve the precision of estimates. Whenever there is availability of auxiliary information, we want to utilize it in the method of estimation to obtain the most efficient…

Applications · Statistics 2014-10-14 Rajesh Singh , Prayas Sharma

The usage of machine learning methods in traditional surveys including official statistics, is still very limited. Therefore, we propose a predictor supported by these algorithms, which can be used to predict any population or subpopulation…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-14 Tomasz Żądło , Adam Chwila

An empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) estimator is utilized for efficient inference in small-area estimation. To measure its uncertainty, we need to estimate its mean squared error (MSE) since the true MSE cannot generally be…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-14 Masayo Yoshimori Hirose

Generalised regression estimation allows one to make use of available auxiliary information in survey sampling. We develop three types of generalised regression estimator when the auxiliary data cannot be matched perfectly to the sample…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-20 Li-Chun Zhang

In order to estimate the population mean in the presence of both non-response and measurement errors that are uncorrelated, the paper presents some novel estimators employing ranked set sampling by utilizing auxiliary information.Up to the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-06 Rajesh Singh , Anamika Kumari

In this article we provide some nonnegative and positive estimators of the mean squared errors(MSEs) for shrinkage estimators of multivariate normal means. Proposed estimators are shown to improve on the uniformly minimum variance unbiased…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-10-08 Hisayuki Hara

Ridge estimator is an alternative to ordinary least square estimator when there is multicollinearity problem. There are many proposed estimators in literature. In this paper, we propose new estimators which are modifications of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-12-10 Yasin Asar , Aşır Genç

The James-Stein estimator's dominance over maximum likelihood in terms of mean square error (MSE) has been one of the most celebrated results in modern statistics, suggesting that biased estimators can systematically outperform unbiased…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Paul W. Vos

Area-specific causal inference is important in many policy and survey applications, where the goal is to evaluate treatment effects for small geographic or demographic domains. Existing causal small area estimation methods, however,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Tsubasa Ito , Shonosuke Sugasawa