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Direct acoustics-to-word (A2W) models in the end-to-end paradigm have received increasing attention compared to conventional sub-word based automatic speech recognition models using phones, characters, or context-dependent hidden Markov…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Kartik Audhkhasi , Brian Kingsbury , Bhuvana Ramabhadran , George Saon , Michael Picheny

We explore the application of end-to-end stateless temporal modeling to small-footprint keyword spotting as opposed to recurrent networks that model long-term temporal dependencies using internal states. We propose a model inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Alice Coucke , Mohammed Chlieh , Thibault Gisselbrecht , David Leroy , Mathieu Poumeyrol , Thibaut Lavril

This paper presents a speech intelligibility model based on automatic speech recognition (ASR), combining phoneme probabilities from deep neural networks (DNN) and a performance measure that estimates the word error rate from these…

Keyword Spotting (KWS) models on embedded devices should adapt fast to new user-defined words without forgetting previous ones. Embedded devices have limited storage and computational resources, thus, they cannot save samples or update…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Umberto Michieli , Pablo Peso Parada , Mete Ozay

Query-by-example spoken term detection (QbE-STD) searches for matching words or phrases in an audio dataset using a sample spoken query. When annotated data is limited or unavailable, QbE-STD is often done using template matching methods…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Akanksha Singh , Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen , Vipul Arora

Recent advances in flexible keyword spotting (KWS) with text enrollment allow users to personalize keywords without uttering them during enrollment. However, there is still room for improvement in target keyword performance. In this work,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Youngmoon Jung , Jinyoung Lee , Seungjin Lee , Myunghun Jung , Yong-Hyeok Lee , Hoon-Young Cho

Speech recognition has become an important task in the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence. In this study, we explore the important task of keyword spotting using speech recognition machine learning and deep learning…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Sumedha Rai , Tong Li , Bella Lyu

Deep biasing (DB) enhances the performance of end-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E-ASR) models for rare words or contextual phrases using a bias list. However, most existing methods treat bias phrases as sequences of subwords in a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-02 Yui Sudo , Yosuke Fukumoto , Muhammad Shakeel , Yifan Peng , Shinji Watanabe

Open-vocabulary keyword spotting (KWS) with text-based enrollment has emerged as a flexible alternative to fixed-phrase triggers. Prior utterance-level matching methods, from an embedding-learning standpoint, learn embeddings at a single…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Youngmoon Jung , Myunghun Jung , Joon-Young Yang , Yong-Hyeok Lee , Jaeyoung Roh , Hoon-Young Cho

This paper focuses on the problem of query by example spoken term detection (QbE-STD) in zero-resource scenario. State-of-the-art approaches primarily rely on dynamic time warping (DTW) based template matching techniques using phone…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-20 Dhananjay Ram , Lesly Miculicich , Hervé Bourlard

Keyword spotting is often implemented by keyword classifier to the encoder in acoustic models, enabling the classification of predefined or open vocabulary keywords. Although keyword spotting is a crucial task in various applications and…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Myeonghoon Ryu , June-Woo Kim , Minseok Oh , Suji Lee , Han Park

Always-on spoken language interfaces, e.g. personal digital assistants, rely on a wake word to start processing spoken input. We present novel methods to train a hybrid DNN/HMM wake word detection system from partially labeled training…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-30 Yiming Wang , Hang Lv , Daniel Povey , Lei Xie , Sanjeev Khudanpur

We consider hate speech detection through keyword spotting on radio broadcasts. One approach is to build an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for the target low-resource language. We compare this to using acoustic word embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Christiaan Jacobs , Nathanaël Carraz Rakotonirina , Everlyn Asiko Chimoto , Bruce A. Bassett , Herman Kamper

Auto-KWS 2021 challenge calls for automated machine learning (AutoML) solutions to automate the process of applying machine learning to a customized keyword spotting task. Compared with other keyword spotting tasks, Auto-KWS challenge has…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Jingsong Wang , Yuxuan He , Chunyu Zhao , Qijie Shao , Wei-Wei Tu , Tom Ko , Hung-yi Lee , Lei Xie

In this paper, we present the XMUSPEECH system for Task 1 of 2020 Personalized Voice Trigger Challenge (PVTC2020). Task 1 is a joint wake-up word detection with speaker verification on close talking data. The whole system consists of a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-01 Dexin Liao , Jing Li , Yiming Zhi , Song Li , Qingyang Hong , Lin Li

Dialog state tracking (DST) is a core component in task-oriented dialog systems. Existing approaches for DST mainly fall into one of two categories, namely, ontology-based and ontology-free methods. An ontology-based method selects a value…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Jian-Guo Zhang , Kazuma Hashimoto , Chien-Sheng Wu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

In this paper, we propose a fully-neural approach to open-vocabulary keyword spotting, that allows the users to include a customizable voice interface to their device and that does not require task-specific data. We present a keyword…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Theodore Bluche , Thibault Gisselbrecht

Recent advancement in deep learning encouraged developing large automatic speech recognition (ASR) models that achieve promising results while ignoring computational and memory constraints. However, deploying such models on low resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Abdul Hannan , Alessio Brutti , Shah Nawaz , Mubashir Noman

For real-world speech recognition applications, noise robustness is still a challenge. In this work, we adopt the teacher-student (T/S) learning technique using a parallel clean and noisy corpus for improving automatic speech recognition…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-19 Ladislav Mošner , Minhua Wu , Anirudh Raju , Sree Hari Krishnan Parthasarathi , Kenichi Kumatani , Shiva Sundaram , Roland Maas , Björn Hoffmeister

We propose a new method of generating meaningful embeddings for speech, changes to four commonly used meta learning approaches to enable them to perform keyword spotting in continuous signals and an approach of combining their outcomes into…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-26 Florian Lux , Ngoc Thang Vu
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