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According to UNESCO, there are nearly 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, of which around 3,000 languages are in danger of disappearing before the end of the century. With roughly 230 languages having already become extinct between the years…

Low-frequency word prediction remains a challenge in modern neural machine translation (NMT) systems. Recent adaptive training methods promote the output of infrequent words by emphasizing their weights in the overall training objectives.…

Billions of public domain documents remain trapped in hard copy or lack an accurate digitization. Modern natural language processing methods cannot be used to index, retrieve, and summarize their texts; conduct computational textual…

Vision-Language (VL) models have garnered considerable research interest; however, they still face challenges in effectively handling text within images. To address this limitation, researchers have developed two approaches. The first…

Generating the English transliteration of a name written in a foreign script is an important and challenging step in multilingual knowledge acquisition and information extraction. Existing approaches to transliteration generation require a…

Task-oriented semantic communication systems have emerged as a promising approach to achieving efficient and intelligent data transmission in next-generation networks, where only information relevant to a specific task is communicated. This…

India is a multi-lingual country where Roman script is often used alongside different Indic scripts in a text document. To develop a script specific handwritten Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system, it is therefore necessary to…

Sign language recognition (SLR) plays a vital role in facilitating communication for the hearing-impaired community. SLR is a weakly supervised task where entire videos are annotated with glosses, making it challenging to identify the…

The inherent complexities of Arabic script; its cursive nature, diacritical marks (tashkeel), and varied typography, pose persistent challenges for Optical Character Recognition (OCR). We present Qari-OCR, a series of vision-language models…

Rare words remain a critical bottleneck for speech-to-text systems. While direct fine-tuning improves recognition of target words, it often incurs high cost, catastrophic forgetting, and limited scalability. To address these challenges, we…

Urgent suspected colorectal cancer (CRC) referrals create operational bottlenecks because semi-structured clinical documents often require manual review and transcription. The original RAPTOR system used Large Language Models for structured…

This research paper delves into the development of an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system for the recognition of Ashokan Brahmi characters using Convolutional Neural Networks. It utilizes a comprehensive dataset of character images…

Optical character recognition (OCR) technology has been widely used in various scenes, as shown in Figure 1. Designing a practical OCR system is still a meaningful but challenging task. In previous work, considering the efficiency and…

Text-attributed graphs, where nodes are enriched with textual attributes, have become a powerful tool for modeling real-world networks such as citation, social, and transaction networks. However, existing methods for learning from these…

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a vital process that involves the extraction of handwritten or printed text from scanned or printed images, converting it into a format that can be understood and processed by machines. This enables…

Kwak'wala is an Indigenous language spoken in British Columbia, with a rich legacy of published documentation spanning more than a century, and an active community of speakers, teachers, and learners engaged in language revitalization. Over…

There are more than 7,000 languages around the world, and current Large Language Models (LLMs) only support hundreds of languages. Dictionary-based prompting methods can enhance translation on them, but most methods use all the available…

Variational Graph Auto-Encoders (VGAEs) have been widely used to solve the node clustering task. However, the state-of-the-art methods have numerous challenges. First, existing VGAEs do not account for the discrepancy between the inference…

Contrastive learning (CL) aims to learn useful representation without relying on expert annotations in the context of medical image segmentation. Existing approaches mainly contrast a single positive vector (i.e., an augmentation of the…

Detection and recognition of text from scans and other images, commonly denoted as Optical Character Recognition (OCR), is a widely used form of automated document processing with a number of methods available. Yet OCR systems still do not…