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Multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a prominent paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs) to tackle complex tasks. However, the mechanisms governing the effectiveness of MAS built upon publicly available LLMs, specifically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuxuan Zhao , Sijia Chen , Ningxin Su

Recent advances in AI agents capable of solving complex, everyday tasks, from scheduling to customer service, have enabled deployment in real-world settings, but their possibilities for unsafe behavior demands rigorous evaluation. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sanidhya Vijayvargiya , Aditya Bharat Soni , Xuhui Zhou , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Nouha Dziri , Graham Neubig , Maarten Sap

For safety, medical AI systems undergo thorough evaluations before deployment, validating their predictions against a ground truth which is assumed to be fixed and certain. However, this ground truth is often curated in the form of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming artificial intelligence, evolving into task-oriented systems capable of autonomous planning and execution. One of the primary applications of LLMs is conversational AI systems, which must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Elad Levi , Ilan Kadar

The automation of chemical research through self-driving laboratories (SDLs) promises to accelerate scientific discovery, yet the reliability and granular performance of the underlying AI agents remain critical, under-examined challenges.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Gihan Panapitiya , Emily Saldanha , Heather Job , Olivia Hess

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems are rapidly emerging as the dominant architecture for enterprise AI automation, yet production deployments exhibit failure rates between 41% and 86.7%, with nearly 79% of failures originating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Vivek Acharya

Agent evaluation requires assessing complex multi-step behaviors involving tool use and intermediate reasoning, making it costly and expertise-intensive. A natural question arises: can frontier coding assistants reliably automate this…

Objective: This paper introduces a patient simulator for scalable, automated evaluation of healthcare conversational agents, generating realistic, controllable interactions that systematically vary across medical, linguistic, and behavioral…

Autonomous multi-agent AI systems are poised to transform various industries, particularly software development and knowledge work. Understanding current perceptions among professionals is crucial for anticipating adoption challenges,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Nikola Balic

Agentic retrieval-augmented reasoning pipelines are increasingly used to structure how large language models (LLMs) incorporate external evidence in clinical decision support. These systems iteratively retrieve curated domain knowledge and…

In medical data analysis, extracting deep insights from complex, multi-modal datasets is essential for improving patient care, increasing diagnostic accuracy, and optimizing healthcare operations. However, there is currently a lack of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zhenghao Zhu , Chuxue Cao , Sirui Han , Yuanfeng Song , Xing Chen , Caleb Chen Cao , Yike Guo

Multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) are transforming enterprise automation, yet systematic evaluation methodologies for assessing tool-use reliability remain underdeveloped. We introduce a comprehensive diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Donghao Huang , Gauri Malwe , Zhaoxia Wang

Therapeutic decision-making in clinical medicine constitutes a high-stakes domain in which AI guidance interacts with complex interactions among patient characteristics, disease processes, and pharmacological agents. Tasks such as drug…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Tim Cofala , Christian Kalfar , Jingge Xiao , Johanna Schrader , Michelle Tang , Wolfgang Nejdl

Evaluating large language models (LLM) in clinical scenarios is crucial to assessing their potential clinical utility. Existing benchmarks rely heavily on static question-answering, which does not accurately depict the complex, sequential…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Samuel Schmidgall , Rojin Ziaei , Carl Harris , Eduardo Reis , Jeffrey Jopling , Michael Moor

Existing work in fairness auditing assumes that each audit is performed independently. In this paper, we consider multiple agents working together, each auditing the same platform for different tasks. Agents have two levers: their…

In this work, we introduce MedAgentSim, an open-source simulated clinical environment with doctor, patient, and measurement agents designed to evaluate and enhance LLM performance in dynamic diagnostic settings. Unlike prior approaches, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mohammad Almansoori , Komal Kumar , Hisham Cholakkal

Multi-agent systems built on large language models (LLMs) are expected to enhance decision-making by pooling distributed information, yet systematically evaluating this capability has remained challenging. We introduce HiddenBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuxuan Li , Aoi Naito , Hirokazu Shirado

Medical imaging benchmarks often evaluate VLMs on pre-selected 2D images, slices, crops, or patches, making evaluation closer to visual recognition. Real clinical workflows impose a different burden: readers must search through complete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Weixiang Shen , Chengzhi Shen , Yanzhu Hu , Che Liu , Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Xiao Han , Zongyue Li , Jingpei Wu , Min Xu , Daguang Xu , Yueming Jin , Benedikt Wiestler , Daniel Rueckert , Jiazhen Pan

Although artificial intelligence (AI) shows growing promise for mental health care, current approaches to evaluating AI tools in this domain remain fragmented and poorly aligned with clinical practice, social context, and first-hand user…

Artificial intelligence systems are now deployed at scale across sectors, accompanied by a growing number of real-world incidents ranging from misinformation and cybercrime to autonomous-system failures. Databases of AI incidents index…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Sophia Abraham , Taiye Chen , Cyril Chhun , Giovanna Jaramillo-Gutierrez , Simon Mylius , Sayash Raaj , Peter Slattery , Sean McGregor