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High harmonic generation (HHG) is a highly nonlinear emission process in which systems driven by intense laser pulses emit integer multiples (harmonics) of the driving field. This feature is considered universal to all occurrences of HHG.…

High-order frequency mixing in graphene using a two-color radiation field consisting of the fundamental and the second harmonic fields of an ultrashort linearly polarized laser pulse is studied. It is shown that the harmonics originated…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Hamlet K. Avetissian , Garnik F. Mkrtchian , Andreas Knorr

High-order harmonic generation is a powerful and sensitive tool for probing atomic and molecular structures, combining in the same measurement an unprecedented attosecond temporal resolution with a high spatial resolution, of the order of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 M. Negro , M. Devetta , D. Faccialà , S. De Silvestri , C. Vozzi , S. Stagira

Extreme ultraviolet pulses as generated by high harmonic generation (HHG) are a powerful tool for both time-resolved spectroscopy and coherent diffractive imaging. However, the integration of spectroscopy and microscopy to harness the…

When a high power laser beam irradiates a small aperture on a solid foil target, the strong laser field drives surface plasma oscillation at the periphery of this aperture, which acts as a "relativistic oscillating window". The diffracted…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Longqing Yi

Strong-field high-harmonic generation (HHG) is conventionally described semiclassically, with the driving laser treated as a classical field. This approximation becomes insufficient in nanoscale interaction geometries, where extreme spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Tsendsuren Khurelbaatar , R. T. Sang , Igor Litvinyuk

In this work, we demonstrate experimentally the efficient generation and tunability of energetic highly-elliptical high-harmonics in Ar gas, driven by intense two-color counter rotating laser electric fields. A bi-chromatic beam tailored by…

Attosecond pulse trains (APTs) are indispensable for probing electron dynamics at their intrinsic timescales. High harmonic generation (HHG) has long been a successful and widely used technique in producing extreme ultraviolet APTs. While…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Lanpeng Ni , Junhao Liu , Zheng Qi , Chao Feng

High harmonic generation (HHG) is a nonlinear process that enables table-top generation of tunable, high-energy, coherent, ultrashort radiation pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) to soft X-ray range. These pulses find applications in…

Light sources based on high-harmonic generation (HHG) underpin ultrafast spectroscopy experiments across a large range of photon energies, spanning from the extreme-ultraviolet to the soft x-ray. To this day their design, implementation and…

High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a strong-field phenomenon that is sensitive to the attosecond dynamics of tunnel ionization and coherent transport of electron-hole pairs in solids. While the foundations of solid HHG have been established,…

The generation of coherent light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region with attosecond pulse durations constitutes the foundation of the field of attosecond science. Twenty years after the first demonstration of isolated…

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in the relativistic regime is employed to obtain zeptosecond pulses of $\gamma$-rays. The harmonics are generated from atomic systems in counterpropagating strong attosecond laser pulse trains of linear…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2007-07-20 Michael Klaiber , Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan , Christoph H. Keitel

High harmonic generation driven by femtosecond lasers makes it possible to capture the fastest dynamics in molecules and materials. However, to date the shortest attosecond (as) pulses have been produced only in the extreme ultraviolet…

Extending the high-harmonic cutoff with experimentally accessible fields is essential for advancing tabletop coherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray sources. Although terahertz (THz) assistance offers a promising route, cutoff…

Since the new millennium coherent extreme ultra-violet and soft x-ray radiation has revolutionized the understanding of dynamical physical, chemical and biological systems at the electron's natural timescale. Unfortunately, coherent…

We present theoretical predictions of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) resulting from the interaction of short femtosecond laser pulses with metal nanotips. It has been demonstrated that high energy electrons can be generated using…

High-harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) is a nonlinear all-optical technique with inherent attosecond temporal resolution, which has been applied successfully to a broad variety of systems in the gas phase and solid state. Here, we extend HHS to…

We report measurements and theoretical simulations of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in aligned N$_2$ molecules using a 1200-nm intense laser field when the generating pulse is perpendicular to the aligning one. With increasing laser…

We explore with ab-initio theory high harmonic generation (HHG) from a series of gas-phase fullerenes (from C$_{20}$ to C$_{60}$, including isomers) under varying laser conditions (different ellipticities, angular orientations, intensities…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-27 Km Akanksha Dubey , Ofer Neufeld