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Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly applied to real-world problems involving complex and structured decisions, such as routing, scheduling, and assortment planning. These settings challenge standard RL algorithms, which struggle to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Heiko Hoppe , Léo Baty , Louis Bouvier , Axel Parmentier , Maximilian Schiffer

Effective personalization on large-scale job platforms requires modeling members based on heterogeneous textual sources, including profiles, professional data, and search activity logs. As recommender systems increasingly adopt Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Rajat Arora , Ye Tao , Jianqiang Shen , Ping Liu , Muchen Wu , Qianqi Shen , Benjamin Le , Fedor Borisyuk , Jingwei Wu , Wenjing Zhang

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) incorporates temporal abstraction into reinforcement learning (RL) by explicitly taking advantage of hierarchical structure. Modern HRL typically designs a hierarchical agent composed of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Sang-Hyun Lee , Yoonjae Jung , Seung-Woo Seo

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) has emerged as an expressive language for reasoning intricate planning objectives. However, existing STL-based methods often assume full observation and known dynamics, which imposes constraints on real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Peiran Liu , Yiting He , Yihao Qin , Hang Zhou , Yiding Ji

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become an effective approach for advancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through the strategic integration of external search engines. However, current RL-based search agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chuzhan Hao , Wenfeng Feng , Guochao Jiang , Guofeng Quan , Guohua Liu , Yuewei Zhang

As a paradigm for sequential decision making in unknown environments, reinforcement learning (RL) has received a flurry of attention in recent years. However, the explosion of model complexity in emerging applications and the presence of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-22 Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen , Yuting Wei

Modern state-of-the-art Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) methods rely on expressive sentence encoders (e.g., multi-layer LSTMs) but tend to model only local (if any) interactions between individual argument labeling decisions. This contrasts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Chunchuan Lyu , Shay B. Cohen , Ivan Titov

Recommender systems play a crucial role in mitigating the problem of information overload by suggesting users' personalized items or services. The vast majority of traditional recommender systems consider the recommendation procedure as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Xiangyu Zhao , Liang Zhang , Long Xia , Zhuoye Ding , Dawei Yin , Jiliang Tang

Reinforcement learning (RL) techniques, while often powerful, can suffer from slow learning speeds, particularly in high dimensional spaces. Decomposition of tasks into a hierarchical structure holds the potential to significantly speed up…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Behzad Ghazanfari , Fatemeh Afghah , Matthew E. Taylor

Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are a promising technology for 6G wireless networks. This paper investigates a novel hybrid deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for resource allocation in a multi-user uplink system…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-29 Mohamed Shalma , Engy Aly Maher , Ahmed El-Mahdy

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to follow instructions with various constraints. Despite the encouraging results, RL improvement inevitably relies on sampling successful, high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kongcheng Zhang , Qi Yao , Shunyu Liu , Wenjian Zhang , Min Cen , Yang Zhou , Wenkai Fang , Yiru Zhao , Baisheng Lai , Mingli Song

Cooperative communication is an effective approach to improve spectrum utilization. In order to reduce outage probability of communication system, most studies propose various schemes for relay selection and power allocation, which are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-29 Yuanzhe Geng , Erwu Liu , Rui Wang , Yiming Liu

Goal-conditioned hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) has shown promising results for solving complex and long-horizon RL tasks. However, the action space of high-level policy in the goal-conditioned HRL is often large, so it results…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Junsu Kim , Younggyo Seo , Jinwoo Shin

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can suffer from poor sample efficiency when rewards are delayed and sparse. We introduce a solution that enables agents to learn temporally extended actions at multiple levels of abstraction in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Andrew Levy , Robert Platt , Kate Saenko

We study how to effectively leverage expert feedback to learn sequential decision-making policies. We focus on problems with sparse rewards and long time horizons, which typically pose significant challenges in reinforcement learning. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Hoang M. Le , Nan Jiang , Alekh Agarwal , Miroslav Dudík , Yisong Yue , Hal Daumé

While reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) significantly enhances LLM reasoning by optimizing the conditional distribution P(y|x), its potential is fundamentally bounded by the base model's existing output distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yuqiao Tan , Minzheng Wang , Bo Liu , Zichen Liu , Tian Liang , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

We provide a framework for accelerating reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms by heuristics constructed from domain knowledge or offline data. Tabula rasa RL algorithms require environment interactions or computation that scales with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Ching-An Cheng , Andrey Kolobov , Adith Swaminathan

Aiming to produce reinforcement learning (RL) policies that are human-interpretable and can generalize better to novel scenarios, Trivedi et al. (2021) present a method (LEAPS) that first learns a program embedding space to continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Guan-Ting Liu , En-Pei Hu , Pu-Jen Cheng , Hung-yi Lee , Shao-Hua Sun

We present a two-step hybrid reinforcement learning (RL) policy that is designed to generate interpretable and robust hierarchical policies on the RL problem with graph-based input. Unlike prior deep reinforcement learning policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Tongzhou Mu , Kaixiang Lin , Feiyang Niu , Govind Thattai

Generative Recommendation (GR) has emerged as a transformative paradigm that reformulates the traditional cascade ranking system into a sequence-to-item generation task, facilitated by the use of discrete Semantic IDs (SIDs). However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zesheng Wang , Longfei Xu , Weidong Deng , Huimin Yan , Kaikui Liu , Xiangxiang Chu