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Test-time scaling has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable reasoning capabilities, particularly in mathematical domains, through intermediate chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning before generating final answers. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Binxin Gao , Jingjun Han

Evaluating the alignment capabilities of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is essential for determining their effectiveness as helpful assistants. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on basic abilities using nonverbal methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yuhang Wu , Wenmeng Yu , Yean Cheng , Yan Wang , Xiaohan Zhang , Jiazheng Xu , Ming Ding , Yuxiao Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved high accuracy on complex commonsense and mathematical problems that involve the composition of multiple reasoning steps. However, current compositional benchmarks testing these skills tend to focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lisa Alazraki , Lihu Chen , Ana Brassard , Joe Stacey , Hossein A. Rahmani , Marek Rei

Moral reasoning is a complex cognitive process shaped by individual experiences and cultural contexts and presents unique challenges for computational analysis. While natural language processing (NLP) offers promising tools for studying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Shivani Kumar , David Jurgens

The development of explanations for scientific phenomena is essential in science assessment, but scoring student-written explanations remains challenging and resource-intensive. Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in addressing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jie Yang , Ehsan Latif , Yuze He , Xiaoming Zhai

The recent advances in natural language processing (NLP), have led to a new trend of applying large language models (LLMs) to real-world scenarios. While the latest LLMs are astonishingly fluent when interacting with humans, they suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Tong Xiang , Liangzhi Li , Wangyue Li , Mingbai Bai , Lu Wei , Bowen Wang , Noa Garcia

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) on large-scale datasets has shown premier performance on various downstream tasks. In contrast to plenty of available benchmarks with English corpus, large-scale pre-training datasets and downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Chunyu Xie , Heng Cai , Jincheng Li , Fanjing Kong , Xiaoyu Wu , Jianfei Song , Henrique Morimitsu , Lin Yao , Dexin Wang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Dawei Leng , Baochang Zhang , Xiangyang Ji , Yafeng Deng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in the financial domain. Thus, it becomes important to assess the performance of LLMs in the financial tasks. In this work, we introduce CFBenchmark, to evaluate the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yang Lei , Jiangtong Li , Dawei Cheng , Zhijun Ding , Changjun Jiang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved strong performance across a range of vision and language tasks. However, their spatial reasoning capabilities are under-investigated. In this paper, we construct a novel VQA dataset, Spatial-MM,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Fatemeh Shiri , Xiao-Yu Guo , Mona Golestan Far , Xin Yu , Gholamreza Haffari , Yuan-Fang Li

Large language models can use chain-of-thought (CoT) to externalize reasoning, potentially enabling oversight of capable LLM agents. Prior work has shown that models struggle at two-hop question-answering without CoT. This capability is so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mikita Balesni , Tomek Korbak , Owain Evans

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are widely used in the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) due to their simplicity and efficiency. However, there are concerns about whether MCQs can truly measure LLM's capabilities, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Wangyue Li , Liangzhi Li , Tong Xiang , Xiao Liu , Wei Deng , Noa Garcia

Knowledge in the real world is being updated constantly. However, it is costly to frequently update large language models (LLMs). Therefore, it is crucial for LLMs to understand the concept of temporal knowledge. However, prior works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Qingyu Tan , Hwee Tou Ng , Lidong Bing

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate superior reasoning capabilities compared to small language models (SLMs), but incur substantially higher costs. We propose COllaborative REAsoner (COREA), a system that cascades an SLM with an LLM to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chuang Zhang , Zizhen Zhu , Yihao Wei , Bing Tian , Junyi Liu , Henan Wang , Xavier Wang , Yaxiao Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly envisioned as decision-support tools in clinical practice, yet safe clinical reasoning demands integrating heterogeneous knowledge bases -- trials, primary studies, regulatory documents, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Shan Chen , Pedro Moreira , Yuxin Xiao , Sam Schmidgall , Jeremy Warner , Hugo Aerts , Thomas Hartvigsen , Jack Gallifant , Danielle S. Bitterman

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly focused on "reasoning" ability, a concept with many overlapping definitions in the LLM discourse. We take a more structured approach, distinguishing meta-level reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Nick Ferguson , Alan Bundy , Kwabena Nuamah

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks in general domains. However, LLMs sometimes generate responses with the hallucination about medical facts due to limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Haochun Wang , Sendong Zhao , Zewen Qiang , Zijian Li , Nuwa Xi , Yanrui Du , MuZhen Cai , Haoqiang Guo , Yuhan Chen , Haoming Xu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, prompting researchers to develop diverse evaluation benchmarks. However, most benchmarks typically measure the ability of LLMs to respond to individual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yutao Hou , Yajing Luo , Zhiwen Ruan , Hongru Wang , Weifeng Ge , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

From a pragmatic perspective, this study systematically evaluates the differences in performance among representative large language models (LLMs) in recognizing politeness, impoliteness, and mock politeness phenomena in Chinese. Addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yitong Zhang , Yuhan Xiang , Mingxuan Liu

Multi-hop reasoning, which requires multi-step reasoning based on the supporting documents within a given context, remains challenging for large language models (LLMs). LLMs often struggle to filter out irrelevant documents within the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Sangwon Yu , Ik-hwan Kim , Jongyoon Song , Saehyung Lee , Junsung Park , Sungroh Yoon

Owing to the continuous efforts by the Chinese NLP community, more and more Chinese machine reading comprehension datasets become available. To add diversity in this area, in this paper, we propose a new task called Sentence Cloze-style…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Yiming Cui , Ting Liu , Ziqing Yang , Zhipeng Chen , Wentao Ma , Wanxiang Che , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu