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Related papers: Selection, Reflection and Self-Refinement: Revisit…

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Case-based reasoning is a cornerstone of U.S. legal practice, requiring professionals to argue about a current case by drawing analogies to and distinguishing from past precedents. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Li Zhang , Matthias Grabmair , Morgan Gray , Kevin Ashley

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of thinking language models that generate extensive internal reasoning chains before producing responses. While these models achieve improved performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Constantin Venhoff , Iván Arcuschin , Philip Torr , Arthur Conmy , Neel Nanda

Harnessing Large Language Models (LLMs) for recommendation systems has emerged as a prominent avenue, drawing substantial research interest. However, existing approaches primarily involve basic prompt techniques for knowledge acquisition,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Hao Gu , Rui Zhong , Yu Xia , Wei Yang , Chi Lu , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

Reflection, the ability of large language models (LLMs) to evaluate and revise their own reasoning, has been widely used to improve performance on complex reasoning tasks. Yet, most prior works emphasizes designing reflective prompting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Fu-Chieh Chang , Yu-Ting Lee , Pei-Yuan Wu

Tasks requiring deductive reasoning, especially those involving multiple steps, often demand adaptive strategies such as intermediate generation of rationales or programs, as no single approach is universally optimal. While Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Rongxing Liu , Kumar Shridhar , Manish Prajapat , Patrick Xia , Mrinmaya Sachan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning abilities, yet existing test-time frameworks often rely on coarse self-verification and self-correction, limiting their effectiveness on complex tasks. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Haizhou Shi , Ye Liu , Bo Pang , Zeyu Leo Liu , Hao Wang , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Many challenging reasoning tasks require not just rapid, intuitive responses, but a more deliberate, multi-step approach. Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) highlights an important shift from the "System 1" way of quick…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Guizhen Chen , Weiwen Xu , Hao Zhang , Hou Pong Chan , Chaoqun Liu , Lidong Bing , Deli Zhao , Anh Tuan Luu , Yu Rong

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) represent a breakthrough in AI problem-solving capabilities, but their effectiveness in interactive environments can be limited. This paper introduces and analyzes overthinking in LRMs. A phenomenon where…

Many reasoning, planning, and problem-solving tasks share an intrinsic algorithmic nature: correctly simulating each step is a sufficient condition to solve them correctly. We collect pairs of naturalistic and synthetic reasoning tasks to…

Recent studies empirically reveal that large reasoning models (LRMs) can automatically allocate more reasoning strengths (i.e., the number of reasoning tokens) for harder problems, exhibiting difficulty-awareness for better task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Leheng Sheng , An Zhang , Zijian Wu , Weixiang Zhao , Changshuo Shen , Yi Zhang , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

With the rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs), it becomes increasingly important to understand their abilities and limitations. In two experiments, we investigate the causal and compositional reasoning abilities of LLMs and humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Magnus F. Gjerde , Vanessa Cheung , David Lagnado

Reasoning has become a central paradigm for large language models (LLMs), consistently boosting accuracy across diverse benchmarks. Yet its suitability for precision-sensitive tasks remains unclear. We present the first systematic study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Atoosa Chegini , Hamid Kazemi , Garrett Souza , Maria Safi , Yang Song , Samy Bengio , Sinead Williamson , Mehrdad Farajtabar

Despite widespread success in language understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) exhibit unclear and often inconsistent behavior when faced with tasks that require probabilistic reasoning. In this work, we present the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mobina Pournemat , Keivan Rezaei , Gaurang Sriramanan , Arman Zarei , Jiaxiang Fu , Yang Wang , Hamid Eghbalzadeh , Soheil Feizi

Recent advancements have showcased the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in executing reasoning tasks, particularly facilitated by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. While tasks like arithmetic reasoning involve clear, definitive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Alicia Y. Tsai , Adam Kraft , Long Jin , Chenwei Cai , Anahita Hosseini , Taibai Xu , Zemin Zhang , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi , Xinyang Yi

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have garnered significant attention from researchers owing to their exceptional capability in addressing complex tasks. Motivated by the observed human-like behaviors in their reasoning processes, this paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yuxiang Chen , Zuohan Wu , Ziwei Wang , Xiangning Yu , Xujia Li , Linyi Yang , Mengyue Yang , Jun Wang , Lei Chen

Self-reflection -- the ability of a large language model (LLM) to revisit, evaluate, and revise its own reasoning -- has recently emerged as a powerful behavior enabled by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xudong Zhu , Jiachen Jiang , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili , Zhihui Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across a wide range of language tasks. However, their reasoning process is primarily guided by statistical patterns in training data, which limits their ability to handle novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Hong Su

Large Language Models have achieved remarkable performance on reasoning tasks, motivating research into how this ability evolves during training. Prior work has primarily analyzed this evolution via explicit generation outcomes, treating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Siyuan Zhang , Jialian Li , Yichi Zhang , Xiao Yang , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su

Inductive reasoning is an essential capability for large language models (LLMs) to achieve higher intelligence, which requires the model to generalize rules from observed facts and then apply them to unseen examples. We present MIRAGE, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jiachun Li , Pengfei Cao , Zhuoran Jin , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform reasoning tasks such as deduction has been widely investigated in recent years. Yet, their capacity to generate proofs-faithful, human-readable explanations of why conclusions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hui Yang , Jiaoyan Chen , Uli Sattler