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Understanding and following directions provided by humans can enable robots to navigate effectively in unknown situations. We present FollowNet, an end-to-end differentiable neural architecture for learning multi-modal navigation policies.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-09-20 Pararth Shah , Marek Fiser , Aleksandra Faust , J. Chase Kew , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Spatial reasoning in partially observable environments has often been approached through passive predictive models, yet theories of embodied cognition suggest that genuinely useful representations arise only when perception is tightly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Li Jin , Liu Jia

This review article is an attempt to survey all recent AI based techniques used to deal with major functions in This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of end-to-end deep learning frameworks used in the context of autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Arman Asgharpoor Golroudbari , Mohammad Hossein Sabour

Wayfinding in complex indoor environments is often challenging for older adults due to declines in navigational and spatial-cognition abilities. This paper introduces NavMarkAR, an augmented reality navigation system designed for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Zhiwen Qiu , Mojtaba Ashour , Xiaohe Zhou , Saleh Kalantari

Recent research efforts enable study for natural language grounded navigation in photo-realistic environments, e.g., following natural language instructions or dialog. However, existing methods tend to overfit training data in seen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Xin Eric Wang , Vihan Jain , Eugene Ie , William Yang Wang , Zornitsa Kozareva , Sujith Ravi

Spatial reasoning is central to navigation and robotics, yet measuring model capabilities on these tasks remains difficult. Existing benchmarks evaluate models in a one-shot setting, requiring full solution generation in a single response,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lars Benedikt Kaesberg , Tianyu Yang , Niklas Bauer , Terry Ruas , Jan Philip Wahle , Bela Gipp

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promise for human-level embodied intelligence. However, existing benchmarks for VLM-driven embodied agents often rely on high-level commands or discretized action spaces, which are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Bo Peng , Pi Bu , Keyu Pan , Xinrun Xu , Yinxiu Zhao , Miao Chen , Yang Du , Lin Li , Jun Song , Tong Xu

Being able to perceive the semantics and the spatial structure of the environment is essential for visual navigation of a household robot. However, most existing works only employ visual backbones pre-trained either with independent images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Yicong Hong , Yang Zhou , Ruiyi Zhang , Franck Dernoncourt , Trung Bui , Stephen Gould , Hao Tan

As robots increasingly enter human-centered environments, they must not only be able to navigate safely around humans, but also adhere to complex social norms. Humans often rely on non-verbal communication through gestures and facial…

With the rise of automation, unmanned vehicles became a hot topic both as commercial products and as a scientific research topic. It composes a multi-disciplinary field of robotics that encompasses embedded systems, control theory, path…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Daniel V. Ruiz , Eduardo Todt

Humans can collaborate and complete tasks based on visual signals and instruction from the environment. Training such a robot is difficult especially due to the understanding of the instruction and the complicated environment. Previous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Kairui Zhou

We present NavACL, a method of automatic curriculum learning tailored to the navigation task. NavACL is simple to train and efficiently selects relevant tasks using geometric features. In our experiments, deep reinforcement learning agents…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Steven D. Morad , Roberto Mecca , Rudra P. K. Poudel , Stephan Liwicki , Roberto Cipolla

The development of embodied agents that can communicate with humans in natural language has gained increasing interest over the last years, as it facilitates the diffusion of robotic platforms in human-populated environments. As a step…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Roberto Bigazzi , Marcella Cornia , Silvia Cascianelli , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Agentic UAVs represent a new frontier in autonomous aerial intelligence, integrating perception, decision-making, memory, and collaborative planning to operate adaptively in complex, real-world environments. Driven by recent advances in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Ranjan Sapkota , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

While large language models have become the prevailing approach for agentic reasoning and planning, their success in symbolic domains does not readily translate to the physical world. Spatial intelligence, the ability to perceive 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Gloria Felicia , Nolan Bryant , Handi Putra , Ayaan Gazali , Eliel Lobo , Esteban Rojas

Navigating unseen environments from natural language instructions remains challenging for egocentric agents in Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN). Humans naturally ground concrete semantic knowledge within spatial layouts during indoor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Xuesong Zhang , Yunbo Xu , Jia Li , Ruonan Liu , Zhenzhen Hu

A longstanding goal of artificial intelligence is to create artificial agents capable of learning to perform tasks that require sequential decision making. Importantly, while it is the artificial agent that learns and acts, it is still up…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Ruohan Zhang , Faraz Torabi , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

Recent image-goal navigation (ImageNav) methods learn a perception-action policy by separately capturing semantic features of the goal and egocentric images, then passing them to a policy network. However, challenges remain: (1) Semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zheng Qin , Le Wang , Yabing Wang , Sanping Zhou , Gang Hua , Wei Tang

Recent applications of deep learning to navigation have generated end-to-end navigation solutions whereby visual sensor input is mapped to control signals or to motion primitives. The resulting visual navigation strategies work very well at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Justin S. Smith , Jin-Ha Hwang , Fu-Jen Chu , Patricio A. Vela

Agents aspire to eliminate the need for task-specific prompt crafting through autonomous reason-act-observe loops. Still, they are commonly instructed to follow a task-specific plan for guidance, e.g., to resolve software issues following…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shuyang Liu , Saman Dehghan , Jatin Ganhotra , Martin Hirzel , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand