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Related papers: Clifford testing: algorithms and lower bounds

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We describe a concrete device roadmap towards a fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture based on noise-resilient, topologically protected Majorana-based qubits. Our roadmap encompasses four generations of devices: a single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 David Aasen , Morteza Aghaee , Zulfi Alam , Mariusz Andrzejczuk , Andrey Antipov , Mikhail Astafev , Lukas Avilovas , Amin Barzegar , Bela Bauer , Jonathan Becker , Juan M. Bello-Rivas , Umesh Bhaskar , Alex Bocharov , Srini Boddapati , David Bohn , Jouri Bommer , Parsa Bonderson , Jan Borovsky , Leo Bourdet , Samuel Boutin , Tom Brown , Gary Campbell , Lucas Casparis , Srivatsa Chakravarthi , Rui Chao , Benjamin J. Chapman , Sohail Chatoor , Anna Wulff Christensen , Patrick Codd , William Cole , Paul Cooper , Fabiano Corsetti , Ajuan Cui , Wim van Dam , Tareq El Dandachi , Sahar Daraeizadeh , Adrian Dumitrascu , Andreas Ekefjärd , Saeed Fallahi , Luca Galletti , Geoff Gardner , Raghu Gatta , Haris Gavranovic , Michael Goulding , Deshan Govender , Flavio Griggio , Ruben Grigoryan , Sebastian Grijalva , Sergei Gronin , Jan Gukelberger , Jeongwan Haah , Marzie Hamdast , Esben Bork Hansen , Matthew Hastings , Sebastian Heedt , Samantha Ho , Justin Hogaboam , Laurens Holgaard , Kevin Van Hoogdalem , Jinnapat Indrapiromkul , Henrik Ingerslev , Lovro Ivancevic , Sarah Jablonski , Thomas Jensen , Jaspreet Jhoja , Jeffrey Jones , Kostya Kalashnikov , Ray Kallaher , Rachpon Kalra , Farhad Karimi , Torsten Karzig , Seth Kimes , Vadym Kliuchnikov , Maren Elisabeth Kloster , Christina Knapp , Derek Knee , Jonne Koski , Pasi Kostamo , Jamie Kuesel , Brad Lackey , Tom Laeven , Jeffrey Lai , Gijs de Lange , Thorvald Larsen , Jason Lee , Kyunghoon Lee , Grant Leum , Kongyi Li , Tyler Lindemann , Marijn Lucas , Roman Lutchyn , Morten Hannibal Madsen , Nash Madulid , Michael Manfra , Signe Brynold Markussen , Esteban Martinez , Marco Mattila , Jake Mattinson , Robert McNeil , Antonio Rodolph Mei , Ryan V. Mishmash , Gopakumar Mohandas , Christian Mollgaard , Michiel de Moor , Trevor Morgan , George Moussa , Anirudh Narla , Chetan Nayak , Jens Hedegaard Nielsen , William Hvidtfelt Padkær Nielsen , Frédéric Nolet , Mike Nystrom , Eoin O'Farrell , Keita Otani , Adam Paetznick , Camille Papon , Andres Paz , Karl Petersson , Luca Petit , Dima Pikulin , Diego Olivier Fernandez Pons , Sam Quinn , Mohana Rajpalke , Alejandro Alcaraz Ramirez , Katrine Rasmussen , David Razmadze , Ben Reichardt , Yuan Ren , Ken Reneris , Roy Riccomini , Ivan Sadovskyy , Lauri Sainiemi , Juan Carlos Estrada Saldaña , Irene Sanlorenzo , Simon Schaal , Emma Schmidgall , Cristina Sfiligoj , Marcus P. da Silva , Shilpi Singh , Sarat Sinha , Mathias Soeken , Patrick Sohr , Tomas Stankevic , Lieuwe Stek , Patrick Strøm-Hansen , Eric Stuppard , Aarthi Sundaram , Henri Suominen , Judith Suter , Satoshi Suzuki , Krysta Svore , Sam Teicher , Nivetha Thiyagarajah , Raj Tholapi , Mason Thomas , Dennis Tom , Emily Toomey , Josh Tracy , Matthias Troyer , Michelle Turley , Matthew D. Turner , Shivendra Upadhyay , Ivan Urban , Alexander Vaschillo , Dmitrii Viazmitinov , Dominik Vogel , Zhenghan Wang , John Watson , Alex Webster , Joseph Weston , Timothy Williamson , Georg W. Winkler , David J. van Woerkom , Brian Paquelet Wütz , Chung Kai Yang , Richard Yu , Emrah Yucelen , Jesús Herranz Zamorano , Roland Zeisel , Guoji Zheng , Justin Zilke , Andrew Zimmerman

Motivated by their central role in fault-tolerant quantum computation, we study the sets of gates of the third-level of the Clifford hierarchy and their distinguished subsets of `nearly diagonal' semi-Clifford gates. The Clifford hierarchy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Imin Chen , Nadish de Silva

As quantum devices scale up, many-body quantum gates and algorithms begin to surpass what is possible to simulate classically. Validation methods which rely on such classical simulation, such as process tomography and randomized…

In the context of fault-detection problems, the objective is to identify all defective items among a set of $n$ binary-state items using the minimum number of tests. The {group testing} paradigm, which allows testing a subset of items in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Jun Wu , Yongxi Cheng , Zhen Yang , Feng Chu , Junkai He

We analyse a model for fault-tolerant quantum computation with low overhead suitable for situations where the noise is biased. The basis for this scheme is a gadget for the fault-tolerant preparation of magic states that enable universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Paul Webster , Stephen D. Bartlett , David Poulin

We examine the following problem: given a collection of Clifford gates, describe the set of unitaries generated by circuits composed of those gates. Specifically, we allow the standard circuit operations of composition and tensor product,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Daniel Grier , Luke Schaeffer

The problem of decomposing an arbitrary Clifford element into a sequence of Clifford gates is known as Clifford synthesis. Drawing inspiration from similarities between this and the famous Rubik's Cube problem, we develop a machine learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Ning Bao , Gavin S. Hartnett

Given a non-negative $n \times n$ matrix viewed as a set of distances between $n$ points, we consider the property testing problem of deciding if it is a metric. We also consider the same problem for two special classes of metrics, tree…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yiqiao Bao , Sampath Kannan , Erik Waingarten

We introduce a quantum-inspired approximation algorithm for MaxCut based on low-depth Clifford circuits. We start by showing that the solution unitaries found by the adaptive quantum approximation optimization algorithm (ADAPT-QAOA) for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Manuel H. Muñoz-Arias , Stefanos Kourtis , Alexandre Blais

Braiding defects in topological stabiliser codes has been widely studied as a promising approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we explore the potential and limitations of such schemes in codes of all spatial dimensions. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 Paul Webster , Stephen D. Bartlett

We study the encoding complexity for quantum error correcting codes with large rate and distance. We prove that random Clifford circuits with $O(n \log^2 n)$ gates can be used to encode $k$ qubits in $n$ qubits with a distance $d$ provided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-31 Winton Brown , Omar Fawzi

Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impacts quantum algorithms, and optimized implementations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Ashe Miller , Corey Ostrove , Jordan Hines , Robin Blume-Kohout , Kevin Young , Timothy Proctor

We develop a Clifford algebra approach for 3D Ising model. By utilizing some mathematical facts of the direct product of matrices and their trace, we expand the dimension of the transfer matrices V of the 3D Ising system by adding unit…

General Physics · Physics 2019-04-09 Zhidong Zhang , Osamu Suzuki , Norman H. March

We show that the minimum experimental effort to characterize the proper functioning of a quantum device scales as 2^n for n qubits and requires classical computational resources ~ n^2 2^{3n}. This represents an exponential reduction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-18 Daniel M. Reich , Giulia Gualdi , Christiane P. Koch

Let $G$ be a finite group, $N$ a normal subgroup of $G$, and $k$ a field of characteristic $p>0$. In this paper, we formulate the brick version of Clifford's theorem under suitable assumptions and prove it by using the theory of wide…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-13 Yuta Kozakai , Arashi Sakai

We give an efficient randomized algorithm for approximating an arbitrary element of $SU(2)$ by a product of Clifford+$T$ operators, up to any given error threshold $\epsilon>0$. Under a mild hypothesis on the distribution of primes, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Peter Selinger

The disjointness of a stabilizer code is a quantity used to constrain the level of the logical Clifford hierarchy attainable by transversal gates and constant-depth quantum circuits. We show that for any positive integer constant $c$, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 John Bostanci , Aleksander Kubica

We characterize control of a qutrit implemented in the lowest three energy levels of a capacitively-shunted flux-biased superconducting circuit. Randomized benchmarking over the qutrit Clifford group yields an average fidelity of 98.89…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-28 M. Kononenko , M. A. Yurtalan , S. Ren , J. Shi , S. Ashhab , A. Lupascu

Quantum samplers are believed capable of sampling efficiently from distributions that are classically hard to sample from. We consider a sampler inspired by the classical Ising model. It is nonadaptive and therefore experimentally amenable.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Animesh Datta

The goal of benchmarking is to determine how far the output of a noisy system is from its ideal behavior; this becomes exceedingly difficult for large quantum systems where classical simulations become intractable. A common approach is to…