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We present FLUKE (Framework for LingUistically-driven and tasK-agnostic robustness Evaluation), a framework for assessing model robustness through systematic minimal variations of test data. FLUKE introduces controlled variations across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yulia Otmakhova , Hung Thinh Truong , Rahmad Mahendra , Zenan Zhai , Rongxin Zhu , Daniel Beck , Jey Han Lau

Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC) aims to automatically detect and correct grammatical errors contained in Chinese text. In the long term, researchers regard CGEC as a task with a certain degree of uncertainty, that is, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Jingheng Ye , Yinghui Li , Shirong Ma , Rui Xie , Wei Wu , Hai-Tao Zheng

Error type information has been widely used to improve the performance of grammatical error correction (GEC) models, whether for generating corrections, re-ranking them, or combining GEC models. Combining GEC models that have complementary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Muhammad Reza Qorib , Alham Fikri Aji , Hwee Tou Ng

This paper presents a simple recipe to train state-of-the-art multilingual Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) models. We achieve this by first proposing a language-agnostic method to generate a large number of synthetic examples. The second…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Sascha Rothe , Jonathan Mallinson , Eric Malmi , Sebastian Krause , Aliaksei Severyn

Measurement error in count data is common but underexplored in the literature, particularly in contexts where observed scores are bounded and arise from discrete scoring processes. Motivated by applications in oral reading fluency…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-26 Yuqiu Yang , Christina Vu , Cornelis J. Potgieter , Xinlei Wang , Akihito Kamata

Large language models (LLMs) are advancing at an unprecedented pace globally, with regions increasingly adopting these models for applications in their primary language. Evaluation of these models in diverse linguistic environments,…

Factuality is important to dialogue summarization. Factual error correction (FEC) of model-generated summaries is one way to improve factuality. Current FEC evaluation that relies on factuality metrics is not reliable and detailed enough.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Mingqi Gao , Xiaojun Wan , Jia Su , Zhefeng Wang , Baoxing Huai

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) faces a critical challenge concerning explainability, notably when GEC systems are designed for language learners. Existing research predominantly focuses on explaining grammatical errors extracted in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Jingheng Ye , Shang Qin , Yinghui Li , Hai-Tao Zheng , Shen Wang , Qingsong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) can improve their accuracy on various tasks through iteratively refining and revising their output based on feedback. We observe that these revisions can introduce errors, in which case it is better to roll back…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Kumar Shridhar , Harsh Jhamtani , Hao Fang , Benjamin Van Durme , Jason Eisner , Patrick Xia

Existing Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) systems suffer from limited reference diversity, leading to underestimated evaluation and restricted model generalization. To address this issue, we introduce the Judge of Edit-Level Validity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yuhao Zhan , Yuqing Zhang , Jing Yuan , Qixiang Ma , Zhiqi Yang , Yu Gu , Zemin Liu , Fei Wu

Grammatical error correction using large language models often suffers from the over-correction issue. To mitigate this, we propose a training-free inference method that performs edit-level majority voting over multiple candidates generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Takumi Goto , Yusuke Sakai , Taro Watanabe

Synthetic data construction of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) for non-English languages relies heavily on human-designed and language-specific rules, which produce limited error-corrected patterns. In this paper, we propose a generic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Xin Sun , Tao Ge , Shuming Ma , Jingjing Li , Furu Wei , Houfeng Wang

For natural language understanding (NLU) technology to be maximally useful, both practically and as a scientific object of study, it must be general: it must be able to process language in a way that is not exclusively tailored to any one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Alex Wang , Amanpreet Singh , Julian Michael , Felix Hill , Omer Levy , Samuel R. Bowman

Grammatical error detection (GED) in non-native writing requires systems to identify a wide range of errors in text written by language learners. Error detection as a purely supervised task can be challenging, as GED datasets are limited in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Samuel Bell , Helen Yannakoudakis , Marek Rei

Most research about natural language generation (NLG) relies on evaluation benchmarks with limited references for a sample, which may result in poor correlations with human judgements. The underlying reason is that one semantic meaning can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Tianyi Tang , Hongyuan Lu , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Haoyang Huang , Dongdong Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Tom Kocmi , Furu Wei

Automatic n-gram based metrics such as ROUGE are widely used for evaluating generative tasks such as summarization. While these metrics are considered indicative (even if imperfect) of human evaluation for English, their suitability for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Itai Mondshine , Tzuf Paz-Argaman , Reut Tsarfaty

Grammar checking is the task of detection and correction of grammatical errors in the text. English is the dominating language in the field of science and technology. Therefore, the non-native English speakers must be able to use correct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Madhvi Soni , Jitendra Singh Thakur

Correct answers do not necessarily reflect cultural understanding. We introduce CRaFT, an explanation-based multilingual evaluation framework designed to assess how large language models (LLMs) reason across cultural contexts. Rather than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shehenaz Hossain , Haithem Afli

The quality of meeting summaries generated by natural language generation (NLG) systems is hard to measure automatically. Established metrics such as ROUGE and BERTScore have a relatively low correlation with human judgments and fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Grammar Error Correction(GEC) mainly relies on the availability of high quality of large amount of synthetic parallel data of grammatically correct and erroneous sentence pairs. The quality of the synthetic data is evaluated on how well the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Vanya Bannihatti Kumar