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Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities, yet aligning such abilities to small language models (SLMs) remains a challenge due to distributional mismatches and limited model capacity. Existing reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yong Wu , Weihang Pan , Ke Li , Chen Binhui , Ping Li , Binbin Lin

Large Language Model (LLM) agents significantly extend the capabilities of standalone LLMs, empowering them to interact with external tools (e.g., APIs, functions) and complete various tasks in a self-directed fashion. The challenge of tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Weizhou Shen , Chenliang Li , Hongzhan Chen , Ming Yan , Xiaojun Quan , Hehong Chen , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang

Large language model (LLM) web agents are increasingly used for web navigation but remain far from human reliability on realistic, long-horizon tasks. Existing evaluations focus primarily on end-to-end success, offering limited insight into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Mohamed Aghzal , Gregory J. Stein , Ziyu Yao

Agentic web search increasingly faces two distinct demands: deep reasoning over a single target, and structured aggregation across many entities and heterogeneous sources. Current systems struggle on both fronts. Breadth-oriented tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yuxuan Huang , Yihang Chen , Zhiyuan He , Yuxiang Chen , Ka Yiu Lee , Huichi Zhou , Weilin Luo , Meng Fang , Jun Wang

Language agents based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in automating web-based tasks. Recent work has shown that incorporating advanced planning algorithms, e.g., tree search, is advantageous over reactive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yu Gu , Kai Zhang , Yuting Ning , Boyuan Zheng , Boyu Gou , Tianci Xue , Cheng Chang , Sanjari Srivastava , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have emerged as powerful autonomous controllers for digital environments, including mobile interfaces, operating systems, and web browsers. Web navigation, for example, requires handling dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taiyi Wang , Sian Gooding , Florian Hartmann , Oriana Riva , Edward Grefenstette

Large Language Models (LLMs) have empowered autonomous agents to handle complex web navigation tasks. While recent studies integrate tree search to enhance long-horizon reasoning, applying these algorithms in web navigation faces two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Weiming Zhang , Jihong Wang , Jiamu Zhou , Qingyao Li , Xinbei Ma , Congmin Zheng , Xingyu Lou , Weiwen Liu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Jun Wang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Autonomous web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) show strong potential for performing goal-oriented tasks such as information retrieval, report generation, and online transactions. These agents mark a key step toward practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shiqi He , Yue Cui , Xinyu Ma , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Mosharaf Chowdhury

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential as autonomous agents, particularly in web-based tasks. However, existing LLM web agents heavily rely on expensive proprietary LLM APIs, while open LLMs lack the necessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zehan Qi , Xiao Liu , Iat Long Iong , Hanyu Lai , Xueqiao Sun , Wenyi Zhao , Yu Yang , Xinyue Yang , Jiadai Sun , Shuntian Yao , Tianjie Zhang , Wei Xu , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled agentic systems for sequential decision-making. Such agents must perceive their environment, reason across multiple time steps, and take actions that optimize long-term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 ELita Lobo , Xu Chen , Jingjing Meng , Nan Xi , Yang Jiao , Chirag Agarwal , Yair Zick , Yan Gao

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has inspired the development of LLM-based agents capable of addressing complex, real-world tasks. However, these agents often struggle during task execution due to methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yaoxiang Wang , Zhiyong Wu , Junfeng Yao , Jinsong Su

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are rapidly improving to handle increasingly complex web-based tasks. Most of these agents rely on general-purpose, proprietary models like GPT-4 and focus on designing better prompts to improve their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Junhong Shen , Atishay Jain , Zedian Xiao , Ishan Amlekar , Mouad Hadji , Aaron Podolny , Ameet Talwalkar

Users demand fast, seamless webpage experiences, yet developers often struggle to meet these expectations within tight constraints. Performance optimization, while critical, is a time-consuming and often manual process. One of the most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Gideon Peters , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable advancements in enabling language agents to tackle simple tasks. However, applying them for complex, multi-step, long-horizon tasks remains a challenge. Recent work have found success by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Lutfi Eren Erdogan , Nicholas Lee , Sehoon Kim , Suhong Moon , Hiroki Furuta , Gopala Anumanchipalli , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) has emerged as a critical task for enabling seamless interaction with databases. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in this domain. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Weibin Liao , Xin Gao , Tianyu Jia , Rihong Qiu , Yifan Zhu , Yang Lin , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have fueled many intelligent web agents, but most existing ones perform far from satisfying in real-world web navigation tasks due to three factors: (1) the complexity of HTML text data (2) versatility of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hanyu Lai , Xiao Liu , Iat Long Iong , Shuntian Yao , Yuxuan Chen , Pengbo Shen , Hao Yu , Hanchen Zhang , Xiaohan Zhang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Language model (LM)-based agents have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks from natural language instructions, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon planning and reasoning. To address this, we propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenyi Wu , Sibo Zhu , Kun Zhou , Biwei Huang

Web automation employs intelligent agents to execute high-level tasks by mimicking human interactions with web interfaces. Despite the capabilities of recent Large Language Model (LLM)-based web agents, navigating complex, real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Jiayuan Zhang , Kaiquan Chen , Zhihao Lu , Enshen Zhou , Qian Yu , Jing Zhang

Large language models (LLMs)-empowered web agents enables automating complex, real-time web navigation tasks in enterprise environments. However, existing web agents relying on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) often struggle with generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuchen Zhuang , Di Jin , Jiaao Chen , Wenqi Shi , Hanrui Wang , Chao Zhang

Nowadays, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been gradually employed to solve complex tasks. To face the challenge, task decomposition has become an effective way, which proposes to divide a complex task into multiple simpler subtasks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yiliu Sun , Yanfang Zhang , Zicheng Zhao , Sheng Wan , Dacheng Tao , Chen Gong