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Large language models (LLMs) are being widely applied across various fields, but as tasks become more complex, evaluating their responses is increasingly challenging. Compared to human evaluators, the use of LLMs to support performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yuran Li , Jama Hussein Mohamud , Chongren Sun , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet

Personalised text generation is essential for user-centric information systems, yet most evaluation methods overlook the individuality of users. We introduce \textbf{PREF}, a \textbf{P}ersonalised \textbf{R}eference-free \textbf{E}valuation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xiao Fu , Hossein A. Rahmani , Bin Wu , Jerome Ramos , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani

Effective feedback is essential for fostering students' success in scientific inquiry. With advancements in artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) offer new possibilities for delivering instant and adaptive feedback. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kathrin Seßler , Arne Bewersdorff , Claudia Nerdel , Enkelejda Kasneci

Nationally representative surveys track public opinion, yet they ask only a limited set of questions each year, limiting its potential to capture historical changes. To fill this gap, we develop a large language model (LLM)-based framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Junsol Kim , Byungkyu Lee

LLM-powered agents are both a promising new technology and a source of complexity, where choices about models, tools, and prompting can affect their usefulness. While numerous benchmarks measure agent accuracy across domains, they mostly…

The rapid development of large language model (LLM) evaluation methodologies and datasets has led to a profound challenge: integrating state-of-the-art evaluation techniques cost-effectively while ensuring reliability, reproducibility, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zhuohao Yu , Chang Gao , Wenjin Yao , Yidong Wang , Zhengran Zeng , Wei Ye , Jindong Wang , Yue Zhang , Shikun Zhang

Summary assessment involves evaluating how well a generated summary reflects the key ideas and meaning of the source text, requiring a deep understanding of the content. Large Language Models (LLMs) have been used to automate this process,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zahra Sadeghi , Evangelos Milios , Frank Rudzicz

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

Current methods for evaluating large language models (LLMs) typically focus on high-level tasks such as text generation, without targeting a particular AI application. This approach is not sufficient for evaluating LLMs for Responsible AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Alicia Sagae , Chia-Jung Lee , Sandeep Avula , Brandon Dang , Vanessa Murdock

LLMs have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in a wide range of NLP tasks. However, a notable gap remains in practical data analysis scenarios, particularly when LLMs are required to process long sequences of unstructured documents, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuefeng Shi , Nedjma Ousidhoum , Jose Camacho-Collados

Automated resume information extraction is critical for scaling talent acquisition, yet its real-world deployment faces three major challenges: the extreme heterogeneity of resume layouts and content, the high cost and latency of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Fanwei Zhu , Jinke Yu , Zulong Chen , Ying Zhou , Junhao Ji , Zhibo Yang , Yuxue Zhang , Haoyuan Hu , Zhenghao Liu

Reliable evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is impeded by two key challenges: objective metrics often fail to reflect human perception of natural language, and exhaustive human labeling is prohibitively expensive. Here, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Kehua Feng , Keyan Ding , Hongzhi Tan , Kede Ma , Zhihua Wang , Shuangquan Guo , Yuzhou Cheng , Ge Sun , Guozhou Zheng , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

This study focuses on the evaluation of the Open Question Answering (Open-QA) task, which can directly estimate the factuality of large language models (LLMs). Current automatic evaluation methods have shown limitations, indicating that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Cunxiang Wang , Sirui Cheng , Qipeng Guo , Yuanhao Yue , Bowen Ding , Zhikun Xu , Yidong Wang , Xiangkun Hu , Zheng Zhang , Yue Zhang

Meeting summarization has become a critical task since digital encounters have become a common practice. Large language models (LLMs) show great potential in summarization, offering enhanced coherence and context understanding compared to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Benchmark contamination has become a significant concern in the LLM evaluation community. Previous Agents-as-an-Evaluator address this issue by involving agents in the generation of questions. Despite their success, the biases in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Meilin Chen , Jian Tian , Liang Ma , Di Xie , Weijie Chen , Jiang Zhu

Automatic evaluation of various text quality criteria produced by data-driven intelligent methods is very common and useful because it is cheap, fast, and usually yields repeatable results. In this paper, we present an attempt to automate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Erion Çano , Ondřej Bojar

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have exhibited significant progress in language understanding and generation. By leveraging textual features, customized LLMs are also applied for recommendation and demonstrate improvements across…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhenrui Yue , Sara Rabhi , Gabriel de Souza Pereira Moreira , Dong Wang , Even Oldridge

Automated answer matching, which leverages LLMs to evaluate free-text responses by comparing them to a reference answer, shows substantial promise as a scalable and aligned alternative to human evaluation. However, its reliability requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Manas Khatore , Sumana Sridharan , Kevork Sulahian , Benjamin J. Smith , Shi Feng

There is a lack of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in long-form medical question answering (QA). Most existing medical QA evaluation benchmarks focus on automatic metrics and multiple-choice questions. While valuable,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Pedram Hosseini , Jessica M. Sin , Bing Ren , Bryceton G. Thomas , Elnaz Nouri , Ali Farahanchi , Saeed Hassanpour

Survey research has a long-standing history of being a human-powered field, but one that embraces various technologies for the collection, processing, and analysis of various behavioral, political, and social outcomes of interest, among…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Trent D. Buskirk , Florian Keusch , Leah von der Heyde , Adam Eck