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Training an agent to achieve particular goals or perform desired behaviors is often accomplished through reinforcement learning, especially in the absence of expert demonstrations. However, supporting novel goals or behaviors through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Calvin Luo , Mandy He , Zilai Zeng , Chen Sun

Policy-based algorithms are among the most widely adopted techniques in model-free RL, thanks to their strong theoretical groundings and good properties in continuous action spaces. Unfortunately, these methods require precise and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Luca Sabbioni , Francesco Corda , Marcello Restelli

In-context learning enables large language models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks, including learning to make reward-maximizing choices in simple bandit tasks. Given their potential use as (autonomous) decision-making agents, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 William M. Hayes , Nicolas Yax , Stefano Palminteri

End-to-end multi-task dialogue systems are usually designed with separate modules for the dialogue pipeline. Among these, the policy module is essential for deciding what to do in response to user input. This policy is trained by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Navin Kamuni , Hardik Shah , Sathishkumar Chintala , Naveen Kunchakuri , Sujatha Alla Old Dominion

Building embodied agents on integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) have revolutionized human-AI interaction: researchers can now leverage language instructions to plan decision-making for open-ended tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Shaopeng Zhai , Jie Wang , Tianyi Zhang , Fuxian Huang , Qi Zhang , Ming Zhou , Jing Hou , Yu Qiao , Yu Liu

Effective interactive tool use requires agents to master Tool Integrated Reasoning (TIR): a complex process involving multi-turn planning and long-context dialogue management. To train agents for this dynamic process, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Weiting Tan , Xinghua Qu , Ming Tu , Meng Ge , Andy T. Liu , Philipp Koehn , Lu Lu

We study the problem of programmatic reinforcement learning, in which policies are represented as short programs in a symbolic language. Programmatic policies can be more interpretable, generalizable, and amenable to formal verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Abhinav Verma , Hoang M. Le , Yisong Yue , Swarat Chaudhuri

While the complex reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted significant attention, single-agent systems often encounter inherent performance ceilings in complex tasks such as code generation. Multi-agent…

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) on a diverse array of tasks has become a common approach for building models that can solve various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, where and to what extent these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zheng Zhao , Yftah Ziser , Shay B. Cohen

Recent studies have highlighted the limitations of large language models in mathematical reasoning, particularly their inability to capture the underlying logic. Inspired by meta-learning, we propose that models should acquire not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Kejie Chen , Lin Wang , Qinghai Zhang , Renjun Xu

It has previously been shown that by using reinforcement learning (RL), agents can derive simple approximate and exact-restricted numeral systems that are similar to human ones (Carlsson, 2021). However, it is a major challenge to show how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Andrea Silvi , Jonathan Thomas , Emil Carlsson , Devdatt Dubhashi , Moa Johansson

We present a method for efficient learning of control policies for multiple related robotic motor skills. Our approach consists of two stages, joint training and specialization training. During the joint training stage, a neural network…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Wenhao Yu , C. Karen Liu , Greg Turk

Reinforcement learning (RL) with diverse offline datasets can have the advantage of leveraging the relation of multiple tasks and the common skills learned across those tasks, hence allowing us to deal with real-world complex problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Minjong Yoo , Sangwoo Cho , Honguk Woo

Meta reinforcement learning (Meta-RL) is an approach wherein the experience gained from solving a variety of tasks is distilled into a meta-policy. The meta-policy, when adapted over only a small (or just a single) number of steps, is able…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Desik Rengarajan , Sapana Chaudhary , Jaewon Kim , Dileep Kalathil , Srinivas Shakkottai

Deep Reinforcement Learning has demonstrated the potential of neural networks tuned with gradient descent for solving complex tasks in well-delimited environments. However, these neural systems are slow learners producing specialized agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Mathieu Chalvidal , Thomas Serre , Rufin VanRullen

We describe a framework for multitask deep reinforcement learning guided by policy sketches. Sketches annotate tasks with sequences of named subtasks, providing information about high-level structural relationships among tasks but not how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Jacob Andreas , Dan Klein , Sergey Levine

We propose a new task-specification language for Markov decision processes that is designed to be an improvement over reward functions by being environment independent. The language is a variant of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) that is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Michael L. Littman , Ufuk Topcu , Jie Fu , Charles Isbell , Min Wen , James MacGlashan

It is notoriously difficult to control the behavior of reinforcement learning agents. Agents often learn to exploit the environment or reward signal and need to be retrained multiple times. The multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Kolby Nottingham , Anand Balakrishnan , Jyotirmoy Deshmukh , David Wingate

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated significant promise in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Text2SQL LLMs, especially with advanced algorithms such as GRPO and DAPO. However, the performance of these methods is highly…

Successful deployment of multi-agent reinforcement learning often requires agents to adapt their behaviour. In this work, we discuss the problem of teamwork adaptation in which a team of agents needs to adapt their policies to solve novel…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Lukas Schäfer , Filippos Christianos , Amos Storkey , Stefano V. Albrecht